Fixed: #2034

feat(proxy): centralize proxy handling with `proxyutil` package and enhance test coverage

- Added `proxyutil` package to simplify proxy handling across the codebase.
- Refactored various components (`executor`, `cliproxy`, `auth`, etc.) to use `proxyutil` for consistent and reusable proxy logic.
- Introduced support for "direct" proxy mode to explicitly bypass all proxies.
- Updated tests to validate proxy behavior (e.g., `direct`, HTTP/HTTPS, and SOCKS5).
- Enhanced YAML configuration documentation for proxy options.

config.example.yaml

@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ error-logs-max-files: 10
 usage-statistics-enabled: false
 
 # Proxy URL. Supports socks5/http/https protocols. Example: socks5://user:pass@192.168.1.1:1080/
+# Per-entry proxy-url also supports "direct" or "none" to bypass both the global proxy-url and environment proxies explicitly.
 proxy-url: ""
 
 # When true, unprefixed model requests only use credentials without a prefix (except when prefix == model name).
@@ -110,6 +111,7 @@ nonstream-keepalive-interval: 0
 #     headers:
 #       X-Custom-Header: "custom-value"
 #     proxy-url: "socks5://proxy.example.com:1080"
+#     # proxy-url: "direct" # optional: explicit direct connect for this credential
 #     models:
 #       - name: "gemini-2.5-flash" # upstream model name
 #         alias: "gemini-flash"    # client alias mapped to the upstream model
@@ -128,6 +130,7 @@ nonstream-keepalive-interval: 0
 #     headers:
 #       X-Custom-Header: "custom-value"
 #     proxy-url: "socks5://proxy.example.com:1080" # optional: per-key proxy override
+#     # proxy-url: "direct" # optional: explicit direct connect for this credential
 #     models:
 #       - name: "gpt-5-codex"   # upstream model name
 #         alias: "codex-latest" # client alias mapped to the upstream model
@@ -146,6 +149,7 @@ nonstream-keepalive-interval: 0
 #     headers:
 #       X-Custom-Header: "custom-value"
 #     proxy-url: "socks5://proxy.example.com:1080" # optional: per-key proxy override
+#     # proxy-url: "direct" # optional: explicit direct connect for this credential
 #     models:
 #       - name: "claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022" # upstream model name
 #         alias: "claude-sonnet-latest"      # client alias mapped to the upstream model
@@ -183,6 +187,7 @@ nonstream-keepalive-interval: 0
 #     api-key-entries:
 #       - api-key: "sk-or-v1-...b780"
 #         proxy-url: "socks5://proxy.example.com:1080" # optional: per-key proxy override
+#         # proxy-url: "direct" # optional: explicit direct connect for this credential
 #       - api-key: "sk-or-v1-...b781" # without proxy-url
 #     models: # The models supported by the provider.
 #       - name: "moonshotai/kimi-k2:free" # The actual model name.
@@ -205,6 +210,7 @@ nonstream-keepalive-interval: 0
 #     prefix: "test"                              # optional: require calls like "test/vertex-pro" to target this credential
 #     base-url: "https://example.com/api"         # e.g. https://zenmux.ai/api
 #     proxy-url: "socks5://proxy.example.com:1080" # optional per-key proxy override
+#     # proxy-url: "direct" # optional: explicit direct connect for this credential
 #     headers:
 #       X-Custom-Header: "custom-value"
 #     models:                                     # optional: map aliases to upstream model names

internal/api/handlers/management/api_tools.go

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"strings"
@@ -14,8 +13,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/runtime/geminicli"
 	coreauth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/cliproxy/auth"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/proxyutil"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"golang.org/x/net/proxy"
 	"golang.org/x/oauth2"
 	"golang.org/x/oauth2/google"
 )
@@ -660,45 +659,10 @@ func (h *Handler) apiCallTransport(auth *coreauth.Auth) http.RoundTripper {
 }
 
 func buildProxyTransport(proxyStr string) *http.Transport {
-	proxyStr = strings.TrimSpace(proxyStr)
+	transport, _, errBuild := proxyutil.BuildHTTPTransport(proxyStr)
-	if proxyStr == "" {
+	if errBuild != nil {
+		log.WithError(errBuild).Debug("build proxy transport failed")
 		return nil
 	}
-
+	return transport
-	proxyURL, errParse := url.Parse(proxyStr)
-	if errParse != nil {
-		log.WithError(errParse).Debug("parse proxy URL failed")
-		return nil
-	}
-	if proxyURL.Scheme == "" || proxyURL.Host == "" {
-		log.Debug("proxy URL missing scheme/host")
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if proxyURL.Scheme == "socks5" {
-		var proxyAuth *proxy.Auth
-		if proxyURL.User != nil {
-			username := proxyURL.User.Username()
-			password, _ := proxyURL.User.Password()
-			proxyAuth = &proxy.Auth{User: username, Password: password}
-		}
-		dialer, errSOCKS5 := proxy.SOCKS5("tcp", proxyURL.Host, proxyAuth, proxy.Direct)
-		if errSOCKS5 != nil {
-			log.WithError(errSOCKS5).Debug("create SOCKS5 dialer failed")
-			return nil
-		}
-		return &http.Transport{
-			Proxy: nil,
-			DialContext: func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
-				return dialer.Dial(network, addr)
-			},
-		}
-	}
-
-	if proxyURL.Scheme == "http" || proxyURL.Scheme == "https" {
-		return &http.Transport{Proxy: http.ProxyURL(proxyURL)}
-	}
-
-	log.Debugf("unsupported proxy scheme: %s", proxyURL.Scheme)
-	return nil
 }

internal/api/handlers/management/api_tools_test.go

@@ -1,173 +1,58 @@
 package management
 
 import (
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"io"
 	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
-	"net/url"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
 	"testing"
-	"time"
 
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
 	coreauth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/cliproxy/auth"
+	sdkconfig "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/config"
 )
 
-type memoryAuthStore struct {
+func TestAPICallTransportDirectBypassesGlobalProxy(t *testing.T) {
-	mu    sync.Mutex
+	t.Parallel()
-	items map[string]*coreauth.Auth
-}
 
-func (s *memoryAuthStore) List(ctx context.Context) ([]*coreauth.Auth, error) {
+	h := &Handler{
-	_ = ctx
+		cfg: &config.Config{
-	s.mu.Lock()
+			SDKConfig: sdkconfig.SDKConfig{ProxyURL: "http://global-proxy.example.com:8080"},
-	defer s.mu.Unlock()
-	out := make([]*coreauth.Auth, 0, len(s.items))
-	for _, a := range s.items {
-		out = append(out, a.Clone())
-	}
-	return out, nil
-}
-
-func (s *memoryAuthStore) Save(ctx context.Context, auth *coreauth.Auth) (string, error) {
-	_ = ctx
-	if auth == nil {
-		return "", nil
-	}
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	if s.items == nil {
-		s.items = make(map[string]*coreauth.Auth)
-	}
-	s.items[auth.ID] = auth.Clone()
-	s.mu.Unlock()
-	return auth.ID, nil
-}
-
-func (s *memoryAuthStore) Delete(ctx context.Context, id string) error {
-	_ = ctx
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	delete(s.items, id)
-	s.mu.Unlock()
-	return nil
-}
-
-func TestResolveTokenForAuth_Antigravity_RefreshesExpiredToken(t *testing.T) {
-	var callCount int
-	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		callCount++
-		if r.Method != http.MethodPost {
-			t.Fatalf("expected POST, got %s", r.Method)
-		}
-		if ct := r.Header.Get("Content-Type"); !strings.HasPrefix(ct, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded") {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected content-type: %s", ct)
-		}
-		bodyBytes, _ := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
-		_ = r.Body.Close()
-		values, err := url.ParseQuery(string(bodyBytes))
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("parse form: %v", err)
-		}
-		if values.Get("grant_type") != "refresh_token" {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected grant_type: %s", values.Get("grant_type"))
-		}
-		if values.Get("refresh_token") != "rt" {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected refresh_token: %s", values.Get("refresh_token"))
-		}
-		if values.Get("client_id") != antigravityOAuthClientID {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected client_id: %s", values.Get("client_id"))
-		}
-		if values.Get("client_secret") != antigravityOAuthClientSecret {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected client_secret")
-		}
-
-		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
-			"access_token":  "new-token",
-			"refresh_token": "rt2",
-			"expires_in":    int64(3600),
-			"token_type":    "Bearer",
-		})
-	}))
-	t.Cleanup(srv.Close)
-
-	originalURL := antigravityOAuthTokenURL
-	antigravityOAuthTokenURL = srv.URL
-	t.Cleanup(func() { antigravityOAuthTokenURL = originalURL })
-
-	store := &memoryAuthStore{}
-	manager := coreauth.NewManager(store, nil, nil)
-
-	auth := &coreauth.Auth{
-		ID:       "antigravity-test.json",
-		FileName: "antigravity-test.json",
-		Provider: "antigravity",
-		Metadata: map[string]any{
-			"type":          "antigravity",
-			"access_token":  "old-token",
-			"refresh_token": "rt",
-			"expires_in":    int64(3600),
-			"timestamp":     time.Now().Add(-2 * time.Hour).UnixMilli(),
-			"expired":       time.Now().Add(-1 * time.Hour).Format(time.RFC3339),
 		},
 	}
-	if _, err := manager.Register(context.Background(), auth); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("register auth: %v", err)
-	}
 
-	h := &Handler{authManager: manager}
+	transport := h.apiCallTransport(&coreauth.Auth{ProxyURL: "direct"})
-	token, err := h.resolveTokenForAuth(context.Background(), auth)
+	httpTransport, ok := transport.(*http.Transport)
-	if err != nil {
+	if !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("resolveTokenForAuth: %v", err)
+		t.Fatalf("transport type = %T, want *http.Transport", transport)
 	}
-	if token != "new-token" {
+	if httpTransport.Proxy != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("expected refreshed token, got %q", token)
+		t.Fatal("expected direct transport to disable proxy function")
-	}
-	if callCount != 1 {
-		t.Fatalf("expected 1 refresh call, got %d", callCount)
-	}
-
-	updated, ok := manager.GetByID(auth.ID)
-	if !ok || updated == nil {
-		t.Fatalf("expected auth in manager after update")
-	}
-	if got := tokenValueFromMetadata(updated.Metadata); got != "new-token" {
-		t.Fatalf("expected manager metadata updated, got %q", got)
 	}
 }
 
-func TestResolveTokenForAuth_Antigravity_SkipsRefreshWhenTokenValid(t *testing.T) {
+func TestAPICallTransportInvalidAuthFallsBackToGlobalProxy(t *testing.T) {
-	var callCount int
+	t.Parallel()
-	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		callCount++
-		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
-	}))
-	t.Cleanup(srv.Close)
 
-	originalURL := antigravityOAuthTokenURL
+	h := &Handler{
-	antigravityOAuthTokenURL = srv.URL
+		cfg: &config.Config{
-	t.Cleanup(func() { antigravityOAuthTokenURL = originalURL })
+			SDKConfig: sdkconfig.SDKConfig{ProxyURL: "http://global-proxy.example.com:8080"},
-
-	auth := &coreauth.Auth{
-		ID:       "antigravity-valid.json",
-		FileName: "antigravity-valid.json",
-		Provider: "antigravity",
-		Metadata: map[string]any{
-			"type":         "antigravity",
-			"access_token": "ok-token",
-			"expired":      time.Now().Add(30 * time.Minute).Format(time.RFC3339),
 		},
 	}
-	h := &Handler{}
+
-	token, err := h.resolveTokenForAuth(context.Background(), auth)
+	transport := h.apiCallTransport(&coreauth.Auth{ProxyURL: "bad-value"})
-	if err != nil {
+	httpTransport, ok := transport.(*http.Transport)
-		t.Fatalf("resolveTokenForAuth: %v", err)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("transport type = %T, want *http.Transport", transport)
 	}
-	if token != "ok-token" {
+
-		t.Fatalf("expected existing token, got %q", token)
+	req, errRequest := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://example.com", nil)
+	if errRequest != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("http.NewRequest returned error: %v", errRequest)
 	}
-	if callCount != 0 {
+
-		t.Fatalf("expected no refresh calls, got %d", callCount)
+	proxyURL, errProxy := httpTransport.Proxy(req)
+	if errProxy != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("httpTransport.Proxy returned error: %v", errProxy)
+	}
+	if proxyURL == nil || proxyURL.String() != "http://global-proxy.example.com:8080" {
+		t.Fatalf("proxy URL = %v, want http://global-proxy.example.com:8080", proxyURL)
 	}
 }

internal/api/handlers/management/test_store_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package management
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync"
+
+	coreauth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/cliproxy/auth"
+)
+
+type memoryAuthStore struct {
+	mu    sync.Mutex
+	items map[string]*coreauth.Auth
+}
+
+func (s *memoryAuthStore) List(_ context.Context) ([]*coreauth.Auth, error) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	out := make([]*coreauth.Auth, 0, len(s.items))
+	for _, item := range s.items {
+		out = append(out, item)
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func (s *memoryAuthStore) Save(_ context.Context, auth *coreauth.Auth) (string, error) {
+	if auth == nil {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if s.items == nil {
+		s.items = make(map[string]*coreauth.Auth)
+	}
+	s.items[auth.ID] = auth
+	return auth.ID, nil
+}
+
+func (s *memoryAuthStore) Delete(_ context.Context, id string) error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	delete(s.items, id)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *memoryAuthStore) SetBaseDir(string) {}

internal/auth/claude/utls_transport.go

@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ package claude
 
 import (
 	"net/http"
-	"net/url"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 
 	tls "github.com/refraction-networking/utls"
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/config"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/proxyutil"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"golang.org/x/net/http2"
 	"golang.org/x/net/proxy"
@@ -31,17 +31,12 @@ type utlsRoundTripper struct {
 // newUtlsRoundTripper creates a new utls-based round tripper with optional proxy support
 func newUtlsRoundTripper(cfg *config.SDKConfig) *utlsRoundTripper {
 	var dialer proxy.Dialer = proxy.Direct
-	if cfg != nil && cfg.ProxyURL != "" {
+	if cfg != nil {
-		proxyURL, err := url.Parse(cfg.ProxyURL)
+		proxyDialer, mode, errBuild := proxyutil.BuildDialer(cfg.ProxyURL)
-		if err != nil {
+		if errBuild != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed to parse proxy URL %q: %v", cfg.ProxyURL, err)
+			log.Errorf("failed to configure proxy dialer for %q: %v", cfg.ProxyURL, errBuild)
-		} else {
+		} else if mode != proxyutil.ModeInherit && proxyDialer != nil {
-			pDialer, err := proxy.FromURL(proxyURL, proxy.Direct)
+			dialer = proxyDialer
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("failed to create proxy dialer for %q: %v", cfg.ProxyURL, err)
-			} else {
-				dialer = pDialer
-			}
 		}
 	}
 

internal/auth/gemini/gemini_auth.go

@@ -10,9 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"net"
 	"net/http"
-	"net/url"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/auth/codex"
@@ -20,9 +18,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/misc"
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/util"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/proxyutil"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
-	"golang.org/x/net/proxy"
 
 	"golang.org/x/oauth2"
 	"golang.org/x/oauth2/google"
@@ -80,35 +78,15 @@ func (g *GeminiAuth) GetAuthenticatedClient(ctx context.Context, ts *GeminiToken
 	}
 	callbackURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/oauth2callback", callbackPort)
 
-	// Configure proxy settings for the HTTP client if a proxy URL is provided.
+	transport, _, errBuild := proxyutil.BuildHTTPTransport(cfg.ProxyURL)
-	proxyURL, err := url.Parse(cfg.ProxyURL)
+	if errBuild != nil {
-	if err == nil {
+		log.Errorf("%v", errBuild)
-		var transport *http.Transport
+	} else if transport != nil {
-		if proxyURL.Scheme == "socks5" {
-			// Handle SOCKS5 proxy.
-			username := proxyURL.User.Username()
-			password, _ := proxyURL.User.Password()
-			auth := &proxy.Auth{User: username, Password: password}
-			dialer, errSOCKS5 := proxy.SOCKS5("tcp", proxyURL.Host, auth, proxy.Direct)
-			if errSOCKS5 != nil {
-				log.Errorf("create SOCKS5 dialer failed: %v", errSOCKS5)
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("create SOCKS5 dialer failed: %w", errSOCKS5)
-			}
-			transport = &http.Transport{
-				DialContext: func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
-					return dialer.Dial(network, addr)
-				},
-			}
-		} else if proxyURL.Scheme == "http" || proxyURL.Scheme == "https" {
-			// Handle HTTP/HTTPS proxy.
-			transport = &http.Transport{Proxy: http.ProxyURL(proxyURL)}
-		}
-
-		if transport != nil {
 		proxyClient := &http.Client{Transport: transport}
 		ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, oauth2.HTTPClient, proxyClient)
 	}
-	}
+
+	var err error
 
 	// Configure the OAuth2 client.
 	conf := &oauth2.Config{

internal/runtime/executor/codex_websockets_executor.go

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/util"
 	cliproxyauth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/cliproxy/auth"
 	cliproxyexecutor "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/cliproxy/executor"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/proxyutil"
 	sdktranslator "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/translator"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
@@ -705,21 +706,30 @@ func newProxyAwareWebsocketDialer(cfg *config.Config, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) *
 		return dialer
 	}
 
-	parsedURL, errParse := url.Parse(proxyURL)
+	setting, errParse := proxyutil.Parse(proxyURL)
 	if errParse != nil {
-		log.Errorf("codex websockets executor: parse proxy URL failed: %v", errParse)
+		log.Errorf("codex websockets executor: %v", errParse)
 		return dialer
 	}
 
-	switch parsedURL.Scheme {
+	switch setting.Mode {
+	case proxyutil.ModeDirect:
+		dialer.Proxy = nil
+		return dialer
+	case proxyutil.ModeProxy:
+	default:
+		return dialer
+	}
+
+	switch setting.URL.Scheme {
 	case "socks5":
 		var proxyAuth *proxy.Auth
-		if parsedURL.User != nil {
+		if setting.URL.User != nil {
-			username := parsedURL.User.Username()
+			username := setting.URL.User.Username()
-			password, _ := parsedURL.User.Password()
+			password, _ := setting.URL.User.Password()
 			proxyAuth = &proxy.Auth{User: username, Password: password}
 		}
-		socksDialer, errSOCKS5 := proxy.SOCKS5("tcp", parsedURL.Host, proxyAuth, proxy.Direct)
+		socksDialer, errSOCKS5 := proxy.SOCKS5("tcp", setting.URL.Host, proxyAuth, proxy.Direct)
 		if errSOCKS5 != nil {
 			log.Errorf("codex websockets executor: create SOCKS5 dialer failed: %v", errSOCKS5)
 			return dialer
@@ -729,9 +739,9 @@ func newProxyAwareWebsocketDialer(cfg *config.Config, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) *
 			return socksDialer.Dial(network, addr)
 		}
 	case "http", "https":
-		dialer.Proxy = http.ProxyURL(parsedURL)
+		dialer.Proxy = http.ProxyURL(setting.URL)
 	default:
-		log.Errorf("codex websockets executor: unsupported proxy scheme: %s", parsedURL.Scheme)
+		log.Errorf("codex websockets executor: unsupported proxy scheme: %s", setting.URL.Scheme)
 	}
 
 	return dialer

internal/runtime/executor/codex_websockets_executor_test.go

@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
+	cliproxyauth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/cliproxy/auth"
+	sdkconfig "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/config"
 	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
 )
 
@@ -34,3 +37,16 @@ func TestApplyCodexWebsocketHeadersDefaultsToCurrentResponsesBeta(t *testing.T)
 		t.Fatalf("OpenAI-Beta = %s, want %s", got, codexResponsesWebsocketBetaHeaderValue)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestNewProxyAwareWebsocketDialerDirectDisablesProxy(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	dialer := newProxyAwareWebsocketDialer(
+		&config.Config{SDKConfig: sdkconfig.SDKConfig{ProxyURL: "http://global-proxy.example.com:8080"}},
+		&cliproxyauth.Auth{ProxyURL: "direct"},
+	)
+
+	if dialer.Proxy != nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected websocket proxy function to be nil for direct mode")
+	}
+}

internal/runtime/executor/proxy_helpers.go

@@ -2,16 +2,14 @@ package executor
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"net"
 	"net/http"
-	"net/url"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
 	cliproxyauth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/cliproxy/auth"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/proxyutil"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"golang.org/x/net/proxy"
 )
 
 // newProxyAwareHTTPClient creates an HTTP client with proper proxy configuration priority:
@@ -72,45 +70,10 @@ func newProxyAwareHTTPClient(ctx context.Context, cfg *config.Config, auth *clip
 // Returns:
 //   - *http.Transport: A configured transport, or nil if the proxy URL is invalid
 func buildProxyTransport(proxyURL string) *http.Transport {
-	if proxyURL == "" {
+	transport, _, errBuild := proxyutil.BuildHTTPTransport(proxyURL)
+	if errBuild != nil {
+		log.Errorf("%v", errBuild)
 		return nil
 	}
-
-	parsedURL, errParse := url.Parse(proxyURL)
-	if errParse != nil {
-		log.Errorf("parse proxy URL failed: %v", errParse)
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	var transport *http.Transport
-
-	// Handle different proxy schemes
-	if parsedURL.Scheme == "socks5" {
-		// Configure SOCKS5 proxy with optional authentication
-		var proxyAuth *proxy.Auth
-		if parsedURL.User != nil {
-			username := parsedURL.User.Username()
-			password, _ := parsedURL.User.Password()
-			proxyAuth = &proxy.Auth{User: username, Password: password}
-		}
-		dialer, errSOCKS5 := proxy.SOCKS5("tcp", parsedURL.Host, proxyAuth, proxy.Direct)
-		if errSOCKS5 != nil {
-			log.Errorf("create SOCKS5 dialer failed: %v", errSOCKS5)
-			return nil
-		}
-		// Set up a custom transport using the SOCKS5 dialer
-		transport = &http.Transport{
-			DialContext: func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
-				return dialer.Dial(network, addr)
-			},
-		}
-	} else if parsedURL.Scheme == "http" || parsedURL.Scheme == "https" {
-		// Configure HTTP or HTTPS proxy
-		transport = &http.Transport{Proxy: http.ProxyURL(parsedURL)}
-	} else {
-		log.Errorf("unsupported proxy scheme: %s", parsedURL.Scheme)
-		return nil
-	}
-
 	return transport
 }

internal/runtime/executor/proxy_helpers_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package executor
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/http"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
+	cliproxyauth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/cliproxy/auth"
+	sdkconfig "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/config"
+)
+
+func TestNewProxyAwareHTTPClientDirectBypassesGlobalProxy(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	client := newProxyAwareHTTPClient(
+		context.Background(),
+		&config.Config{SDKConfig: sdkconfig.SDKConfig{ProxyURL: "http://global-proxy.example.com:8080"}},
+		&cliproxyauth.Auth{ProxyURL: "direct"},
+		0,
+	)
+
+	transport, ok := client.Transport.(*http.Transport)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("transport type = %T, want *http.Transport", client.Transport)
+	}
+	if transport.Proxy != nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected direct transport to disable proxy function")
+	}
+}

internal/util/proxy.go

@@ -4,50 +4,25 @@
 package util
 
 import (
-	"context"
-	"net"
 	"net/http"
-	"net/url"
 
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/config"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/proxyutil"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"golang.org/x/net/proxy"
 )
 
 // SetProxy configures the provided HTTP client with proxy settings from the configuration.
 // It supports SOCKS5, HTTP, and HTTPS proxies. The function modifies the client's transport
 // to route requests through the configured proxy server.
 func SetProxy(cfg *config.SDKConfig, httpClient *http.Client) *http.Client {
-	var transport *http.Transport
+	if cfg == nil || httpClient == nil {
-	// Attempt to parse the proxy URL from the configuration.
-	proxyURL, errParse := url.Parse(cfg.ProxyURL)
-	if errParse == nil {
-		// Handle different proxy schemes.
-		if proxyURL.Scheme == "socks5" {
-			// Configure SOCKS5 proxy with optional authentication.
-			var proxyAuth *proxy.Auth
-			if proxyURL.User != nil {
-				username := proxyURL.User.Username()
-				password, _ := proxyURL.User.Password()
-				proxyAuth = &proxy.Auth{User: username, Password: password}
-			}
-			dialer, errSOCKS5 := proxy.SOCKS5("tcp", proxyURL.Host, proxyAuth, proxy.Direct)
-			if errSOCKS5 != nil {
-				log.Errorf("create SOCKS5 dialer failed: %v", errSOCKS5)
 		return httpClient
 	}
-			// Set up a custom transport using the SOCKS5 dialer.
+
-			transport = &http.Transport{
+	transport, _, errBuild := proxyutil.BuildHTTPTransport(cfg.ProxyURL)
-				DialContext: func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
+	if errBuild != nil {
-					return dialer.Dial(network, addr)
+		log.Errorf("%v", errBuild)
-				},
 	}
-		} else if proxyURL.Scheme == "http" || proxyURL.Scheme == "https" {
-			// Configure HTTP or HTTPS proxy.
-			transport = &http.Transport{Proxy: http.ProxyURL(proxyURL)}
-		}
-	}
-	// If a new transport was created, apply it to the HTTP client.
 	if transport != nil {
 		httpClient.Transport = transport
 	}

sdk/cliproxy/rtprovider.go

@@ -1,16 +1,13 @@
 package cliproxy
 
 import (
-	"context"
-	"net"
 	"net/http"
-	"net/url"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 
 	coreauth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/cliproxy/auth"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/proxyutil"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"golang.org/x/net/proxy"
 )
 
 // defaultRoundTripperProvider returns a per-auth HTTP RoundTripper based on
@@ -39,35 +36,12 @@ func (p *defaultRoundTripperProvider) RoundTripperFor(auth *coreauth.Auth) http.
 	if rt != nil {
 		return rt
 	}
-	// Parse the proxy URL to determine the scheme.
+	transport, _, errBuild := proxyutil.BuildHTTPTransport(proxyStr)
-	proxyURL, errParse := url.Parse(proxyStr)
+	if errBuild != nil {
-	if errParse != nil {
+		log.Errorf("%v", errBuild)
-		log.Errorf("parse proxy URL failed: %v", errParse)
 		return nil
 	}
-	var transport *http.Transport
+	if transport == nil {
-	// Handle different proxy schemes.
-	if proxyURL.Scheme == "socks5" {
-		// Configure SOCKS5 proxy with optional authentication.
-		username := proxyURL.User.Username()
-		password, _ := proxyURL.User.Password()
-		proxyAuth := &proxy.Auth{User: username, Password: password}
-		dialer, errSOCKS5 := proxy.SOCKS5("tcp", proxyURL.Host, proxyAuth, proxy.Direct)
-		if errSOCKS5 != nil {
-			log.Errorf("create SOCKS5 dialer failed: %v", errSOCKS5)
-			return nil
-		}
-		// Set up a custom transport using the SOCKS5 dialer.
-		transport = &http.Transport{
-			DialContext: func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
-				return dialer.Dial(network, addr)
-			},
-		}
-	} else if proxyURL.Scheme == "http" || proxyURL.Scheme == "https" {
-		// Configure HTTP or HTTPS proxy.
-		transport = &http.Transport{Proxy: http.ProxyURL(proxyURL)}
-	} else {
-		log.Errorf("unsupported proxy scheme: %s", proxyURL.Scheme)
 		return nil
 	}
 	p.mu.Lock()

sdk/cliproxy/rtprovider_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package cliproxy
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"testing"
+
+	coreauth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/cliproxy/auth"
+)
+
+func TestRoundTripperForDirectBypassesProxy(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	provider := newDefaultRoundTripperProvider()
+	rt := provider.RoundTripperFor(&coreauth.Auth{ProxyURL: "direct"})
+	transport, ok := rt.(*http.Transport)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("transport type = %T, want *http.Transport", rt)
+	}
+	if transport.Proxy != nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected direct transport to disable proxy function")
+	}
+}

sdk/proxyutil/proxy.go

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+package proxyutil
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
+
+	"golang.org/x/net/proxy"
+)
+
+// Mode describes how a proxy setting should be interpreted.
+type Mode int
+
+const (
+	// ModeInherit means no explicit proxy behavior was configured.
+	ModeInherit Mode = iota
+	// ModeDirect means outbound requests must bypass proxies explicitly.
+	ModeDirect
+	// ModeProxy means a concrete proxy URL was configured.
+	ModeProxy
+	// ModeInvalid means the proxy setting is present but malformed or unsupported.
+	ModeInvalid
+)
+
+// Setting is the normalized interpretation of a proxy configuration value.
+type Setting struct {
+	Raw  string
+	Mode Mode
+	URL  *url.URL
+}
+
+// Parse normalizes a proxy configuration value into inherit, direct, or proxy modes.
+func Parse(raw string) (Setting, error) {
+	trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(raw)
+	setting := Setting{Raw: trimmed}
+
+	if trimmed == "" {
+		setting.Mode = ModeInherit
+		return setting, nil
+	}
+
+	if strings.EqualFold(trimmed, "direct") || strings.EqualFold(trimmed, "none") {
+		setting.Mode = ModeDirect
+		return setting, nil
+	}
+
+	parsedURL, errParse := url.Parse(trimmed)
+	if errParse != nil {
+		setting.Mode = ModeInvalid
+		return setting, fmt.Errorf("parse proxy URL failed: %w", errParse)
+	}
+	if parsedURL.Scheme == "" || parsedURL.Host == "" {
+		setting.Mode = ModeInvalid
+		return setting, fmt.Errorf("proxy URL missing scheme/host")
+	}
+
+	switch parsedURL.Scheme {
+	case "socks5", "http", "https":
+		setting.Mode = ModeProxy
+		setting.URL = parsedURL
+		return setting, nil
+	default:
+		setting.Mode = ModeInvalid
+		return setting, fmt.Errorf("unsupported proxy scheme: %s", parsedURL.Scheme)
+	}
+}
+
+// NewDirectTransport returns a transport that bypasses environment proxies.
+func NewDirectTransport() *http.Transport {
+	if transport, ok := http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport); ok && transport != nil {
+		clone := transport.Clone()
+		clone.Proxy = nil
+		return clone
+	}
+	return &http.Transport{Proxy: nil}
+}
+
+// BuildHTTPTransport constructs an HTTP transport for the provided proxy setting.
+func BuildHTTPTransport(raw string) (*http.Transport, Mode, error) {
+	setting, errParse := Parse(raw)
+	if errParse != nil {
+		return nil, setting.Mode, errParse
+	}
+
+	switch setting.Mode {
+	case ModeInherit:
+		return nil, setting.Mode, nil
+	case ModeDirect:
+		return NewDirectTransport(), setting.Mode, nil
+	case ModeProxy:
+		if setting.URL.Scheme == "socks5" {
+			var proxyAuth *proxy.Auth
+			if setting.URL.User != nil {
+				username := setting.URL.User.Username()
+				password, _ := setting.URL.User.Password()
+				proxyAuth = &proxy.Auth{User: username, Password: password}
+			}
+			dialer, errSOCKS5 := proxy.SOCKS5("tcp", setting.URL.Host, proxyAuth, proxy.Direct)
+			if errSOCKS5 != nil {
+				return nil, setting.Mode, fmt.Errorf("create SOCKS5 dialer failed: %w", errSOCKS5)
+			}
+			return &http.Transport{
+				Proxy: nil,
+				DialContext: func(_ context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
+					return dialer.Dial(network, addr)
+				},
+			}, setting.Mode, nil
+		}
+		return &http.Transport{Proxy: http.ProxyURL(setting.URL)}, setting.Mode, nil
+	default:
+		return nil, setting.Mode, nil
+	}
+}
+
+// BuildDialer constructs a proxy dialer for settings that operate at the connection layer.
+func BuildDialer(raw string) (proxy.Dialer, Mode, error) {
+	setting, errParse := Parse(raw)
+	if errParse != nil {
+		return nil, setting.Mode, errParse
+	}
+
+	switch setting.Mode {
+	case ModeInherit:
+		return nil, setting.Mode, nil
+	case ModeDirect:
+		return proxy.Direct, setting.Mode, nil
+	case ModeProxy:
+		dialer, errDialer := proxy.FromURL(setting.URL, proxy.Direct)
+		if errDialer != nil {
+			return nil, setting.Mode, fmt.Errorf("create proxy dialer failed: %w", errDialer)
+		}
+		return dialer, setting.Mode, nil
+	default:
+		return nil, setting.Mode, nil
+	}
+}

sdk/proxyutil/proxy_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+package proxyutil
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		input   string
+		want    Mode
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{name: "inherit", input: "", want: ModeInherit},
+		{name: "direct", input: "direct", want: ModeDirect},
+		{name: "none", input: "none", want: ModeDirect},
+		{name: "http", input: "http://proxy.example.com:8080", want: ModeProxy},
+		{name: "https", input: "https://proxy.example.com:8443", want: ModeProxy},
+		{name: "socks5", input: "socks5://proxy.example.com:1080", want: ModeProxy},
+		{name: "invalid", input: "bad-value", want: ModeInvalid, wantErr: true},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		tt := tt
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			setting, errParse := Parse(tt.input)
+			if tt.wantErr && errParse == nil {
+				t.Fatal("expected error, got nil")
+			}
+			if !tt.wantErr && errParse != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", errParse)
+			}
+			if setting.Mode != tt.want {
+				t.Fatalf("mode = %d, want %d", setting.Mode, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildHTTPTransportDirectBypassesProxy(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	transport, mode, errBuild := BuildHTTPTransport("direct")
+	if errBuild != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("BuildHTTPTransport returned error: %v", errBuild)
+	}
+	if mode != ModeDirect {
+		t.Fatalf("mode = %d, want %d", mode, ModeDirect)
+	}
+	if transport == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected transport, got nil")
+	}
+	if transport.Proxy != nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected direct transport to disable proxy function")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildHTTPTransportHTTPProxy(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	transport, mode, errBuild := BuildHTTPTransport("http://proxy.example.com:8080")
+	if errBuild != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("BuildHTTPTransport returned error: %v", errBuild)
+	}
+	if mode != ModeProxy {
+		t.Fatalf("mode = %d, want %d", mode, ModeProxy)
+	}
+	if transport == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected transport, got nil")
+	}
+
+	req, errRequest := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://example.com", nil)
+	if errRequest != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("http.NewRequest returned error: %v", errRequest)
+	}
+
+	proxyURL, errProxy := transport.Proxy(req)
+	if errProxy != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("transport.Proxy returned error: %v", errProxy)
+	}
+	if proxyURL == nil || proxyURL.String() != "http://proxy.example.com:8080" {
+		t.Fatalf("proxy URL = %v, want http://proxy.example.com:8080", proxyURL)
+	}
+}