Initial commit: import from sinmb79/Gov-chat-bot

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

backend/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+FROM python:3.12-slim
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+COPY requirements.txt .
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
+
+COPY . .
+
+CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8000"]

backend/alembic.ini

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+[alembic]
+script_location = alembic
+prepend_sys_path = .
+version_path_separator = os
+
+[loggers]
+keys = root,sqlalchemy,alembic
+
+[handlers]
+keys = console
+
+[formatters]
+keys = generic
+
+[logger_root]
+level = WARN
+handlers = console
+qualname =
+
+[logger_sqlalchemy]
+level = WARN
+handlers =
+qualname = sqlalchemy.engine
+
+[logger_alembic]
+level = INFO
+handlers =
+qualname = alembic
+
+[handler_console]
+class = StreamHandler
+args = (sys.stderr,)
+level = NOTSET
+formatter = generic
+
+[formatter_generic]
+format = %(levelname)-5.5s [%(name)s] %(message)s
+datefmt = %H:%M:%S

backend/alembic/env.py

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+import os
+from logging.config import fileConfig
+
+from sqlalchemy import engine_from_config, pool
+
+from alembic import context
+
+# 모델 임포트 (테이블 메타데이터 등록)
+from app.core.database import Base
+import app.models.tenant
+import app.models.admin
+import app.models.knowledge
+import app.models.complaint
+import app.models.moderation
+import app.models.audit
+
+config = context.config
+
+if config.config_file_name is not None:
+    fileConfig(config.config_file_name)
+
+target_metadata = Base.metadata
+
+
+def get_sync_url() -> str:
+    """settings의 DATABASE_URL에서 asyncpg → psycopg2 변환."""
+    from app.core.config import settings
+    url = settings.DATABASE_URL
+    # asyncpg → psycopg2 (Alembic은 동기 연결 사용)
+    return url.replace("postgresql+asyncpg://", "postgresql+psycopg2://")
+
+
+def run_migrations_offline() -> None:
+    url = get_sync_url()
+    context.configure(
+        url=url,
+        target_metadata=target_metadata,
+        literal_binds=True,
+        dialect_opts={"paramstyle": "named"},
+    )
+    with context.begin_transaction():
+        context.run_migrations()
+
+
+def run_migrations_online() -> None:
+    cfg = config.get_section(config.config_ini_section) or {}
+    cfg["sqlalchemy.url"] = get_sync_url()
+
+    connectable = engine_from_config(
+        cfg,
+        prefix="sqlalchemy.",
+        poolclass=pool.NullPool,
+    )
+    with connectable.connect() as connection:
+        context.configure(connection=connection, target_metadata=target_metadata)
+        with context.begin_transaction():
+            context.run_migrations()
+
+
+if context.is_offline_mode():
+    run_migrations_offline()
+else:
+    run_migrations_online()

backend/alembic/script.py.mako

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+"""${message}
+
+Revision ID: ${up_revision}
+Revises: ${down_revision | comma,n}
+Create Date: ${create_date}
+
+"""
+from typing import Sequence, Union
+
+from alembic import op
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+${imports if imports else ""}
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision: str = ${repr(up_revision)}
+down_revision: Union[str, None] = ${repr(down_revision)}
+branch_labels: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = ${repr(branch_labels)}
+depends_on: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = ${repr(depends_on)}
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    ${upgrades if upgrades else "pass"}
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    ${downgrades if downgrades else "pass"}

backend/alembic/versions/0001_initial.py

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+"""Initial schema: 10 tables
+
+Revision ID: 0001
+Revises:
+Create Date: 2026-03-26
+
+"""
+from typing import Sequence, Union
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from alembic import op
+
+revision: str = "0001"
+down_revision: Union[str, None] = None
+branch_labels: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+depends_on: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    op.create_table(
+        "tenants",
+        sa.Column("id", sa.String(36), primary_key=True),
+        sa.Column("name", sa.String(100), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("slug", sa.String(50), unique=True, nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("is_active", sa.Boolean(), default=True),
+        sa.Column("created_at", sa.DateTime(), server_default=sa.func.now()),
+    )
+
+    op.create_table(
+        "system_admins",
+        sa.Column("id", sa.String(36), primary_key=True),
+        sa.Column("email", sa.String(200), unique=True, nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("hashed_pw", sa.String(200), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("is_active", sa.Boolean(), default=True),
+        sa.Column("created_at", sa.DateTime(), server_default=sa.func.now()),
+    )
+
+    op.create_table(
+        "tenant_configs",
+        sa.Column("id", sa.String(36), primary_key=True),
+        sa.Column("tenant_id", sa.String(36), sa.ForeignKey("tenants.id"), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("key", sa.String(100), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("value", sa.Text()),
+        sa.Column("updated_at", sa.DateTime(), server_default=sa.func.now()),
+    )
+
+    op.create_table(
+        "admin_users",
+        sa.Column("id", sa.String(36), primary_key=True),
+        sa.Column("tenant_id", sa.String(36), sa.ForeignKey("tenants.id"), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("email", sa.String(200), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("hashed_pw", sa.String(200), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("role", sa.String(20), nullable=False, default="viewer"),
+        sa.Column("is_active", sa.Boolean(), default=True),
+        sa.Column("created_at", sa.DateTime(), server_default=sa.func.now()),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("tenant_id", "email", name="uq_admin_users_tenant_email"),
+    )
+
+    op.create_table(
+        "faqs",
+        sa.Column("id", sa.String(36), primary_key=True),
+        sa.Column("tenant_id", sa.String(36), sa.ForeignKey("tenants.id"), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("category", sa.String(100)),
+        sa.Column("question", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("answer", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("keywords", sa.JSON()),
+        sa.Column("hit_count", sa.Integer(), default=0),
+        sa.Column("is_active", sa.Boolean(), default=True),
+        sa.Column("created_by", sa.String(36)),
+        sa.Column("created_at", sa.DateTime(), server_default=sa.func.now()),
+        sa.Column("updated_at", sa.DateTime(), server_default=sa.func.now()),
+    )
+
+    op.create_table(
+        "documents",
+        sa.Column("id", sa.String(36), primary_key=True),
+        sa.Column("tenant_id", sa.String(36), sa.ForeignKey("tenants.id"), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("filename", sa.String(255), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("source_type", sa.String(50)),
+        sa.Column("source_url", sa.Text()),
+        sa.Column("published_at", sa.DateTime()),
+        sa.Column("effective_date", sa.DateTime()),
+        sa.Column("expires_at", sa.DateTime()),
+        sa.Column("is_active", sa.Boolean(), default=False),
+        sa.Column("approved_by", sa.String(36)),
+        sa.Column("approved_at", sa.DateTime()),
+        sa.Column("version", sa.Integer(), default=1),
+        sa.Column("supersedes_id", sa.String(36), sa.ForeignKey("documents.id")),
+        sa.Column("chunk_count", sa.Integer(), default=0),
+        sa.Column("status", sa.String(50), default="pending"),
+        sa.Column("created_at", sa.DateTime(), server_default=sa.func.now()),
+    )
+
+    op.create_table(
+        "crawler_urls",
+        sa.Column("id", sa.String(36), primary_key=True),
+        sa.Column("tenant_id", sa.String(36), sa.ForeignKey("tenants.id"), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("url", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("url_type", sa.String(50)),
+        sa.Column("interval_hours", sa.Integer(), default=24),
+        sa.Column("is_active", sa.Boolean(), default=True),
+        sa.Column("last_crawled", sa.DateTime()),
+        sa.Column("created_at", sa.DateTime(), server_default=sa.func.now()),
+    )
+
+    op.create_table(
+        "complaint_logs",
+        sa.Column("id", sa.String(36), primary_key=True),
+        sa.Column("tenant_id", sa.String(36), sa.ForeignKey("tenants.id"), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("user_key", sa.String(64)),
+        sa.Column("utterance_masked", sa.String(1000)),
+        sa.Column("utterance_vec_id", sa.String(36)),
+        sa.Column("channel", sa.String(20), default="kakao"),
+        sa.Column("request_id", sa.String(36)),
+        sa.Column("response_tier", sa.String(1)),
+        sa.Column("response_source", sa.String(20)),
+        sa.Column("faq_id", sa.String(36), sa.ForeignKey("faqs.id")),
+        sa.Column("doc_id", sa.String(36), sa.ForeignKey("documents.id")),
+        sa.Column("response_ms", sa.Integer()),
+        sa.Column("is_timeout", sa.Boolean(), default=False),
+        sa.Column("is_promoted", sa.Boolean(), default=False),
+        sa.Column("created_at", sa.DateTime(), server_default=sa.func.now()),
+    )
+
+    op.create_table(
+        "user_restrictions",
+        sa.Column("id", sa.String(36), primary_key=True),
+        sa.Column("tenant_id", sa.String(36), sa.ForeignKey("tenants.id"), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("user_key", sa.String(64), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("level", sa.Integer(), default=0),
+        sa.Column("reason", sa.String(500)),
+        sa.Column("applied_by", sa.String(36)),
+        sa.Column("auto_applied", sa.Boolean(), default=True),
+        sa.Column("expires_at", sa.DateTime()),
+        sa.Column("created_at", sa.DateTime(), server_default=sa.func.now()),
+        sa.Column("updated_at", sa.DateTime(), server_default=sa.func.now()),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("tenant_id", "user_key", name="uq_user_restrictions_tenant_user"),
+    )
+
+    op.create_table(
+        "audit_logs",
+        sa.Column("id", sa.String(36), primary_key=True),
+        sa.Column("tenant_id", sa.String(36), sa.ForeignKey("tenants.id"), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("actor_id", sa.String(36), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("actor_type", sa.String(20), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("action", sa.String(50), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("target_type", sa.String(50)),
+        sa.Column("target_id", sa.String(36)),
+        sa.Column("diff", sa.JSON()),
+        sa.Column("ip_address", sa.String(45)),
+        sa.Column("created_at", sa.DateTime(), server_default=sa.func.now()),
+    )
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    op.drop_table("audit_logs")
+    op.drop_table("user_restrictions")
+    op.drop_table("complaint_logs")
+    op.drop_table("crawler_urls")
+    op.drop_table("documents")
+    op.drop_table("faqs")
+    op.drop_table("admin_users")
+    op.drop_table("tenant_configs")
+    op.drop_table("system_admins")
+    op.drop_table("tenants")

backend/app/core/config.py

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+from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings
+from typing import Optional
+
+
+class Settings(BaseSettings):
+    # 보안
+    SECRET_KEY: str = "change-this-in-production-32chars"
+    JWT_EXPIRE_HOURS: int = 24
+
+    # 데이터베이스
+    DATABASE_URL: str = "postgresql+asyncpg://botuser:botpass@db:5432/smartbot"
+    REDIS_URL: str = "redis://redis:6379"
+
+    # 벡터DB
+    VECTOR_DB: str = "chromadb"
+    CHROMA_HOST: str = "chromadb"
+    CHROMA_PORT: int = 8000
+
+    # Provider 기본값 (테넌트별 TenantConfig로 오버라이드 가능)
+    LLM_PROVIDER: str = "none"
+    EMBEDDING_PROVIDER: str = "local"
+    EMBEDDING_MODEL: str = "jhgan/ko-sroberta-multitask"
+
+    # 개인정보
+    CHAT_LOG_RETENTION_DAYS: int = 30
+
+    # Idempotency
+    IDEMPOTENCY_TTL_SECONDS: int = 60
+
+    # Admin 초기값
+    ADMIN_DEFAULT_EMAIL: str = "admin@smartbot.kr"
+    ADMIN_DEFAULT_PASSWORD: str = "changeme123!"
+
+    # CORS
+    ALLOWED_ORIGINS: list[str] = ["http://localhost"]
+
+    class Config:
+        env_file = ".env"
+        case_sensitive = True
+
+
+settings = Settings()
+
+# 설정 우선순위:
+# 1 (최고) TenantConfig DB 값 → 해당 테넌트에만 적용
+# 2 환경변수 (.env) → 서버 전체 기본값
+# 3 (최저) 코드 하드코딩 → 폴백
+
+
+async def get_tenant_config(tenant_id: str, db) -> dict:
+    """TenantConfig에서 테넌트별 설정 로드. 없으면 전역 settings 사용."""
+    from app.models.tenant import TenantConfig
+    from sqlalchemy import select
+
+    result = await db.execute(
+        select(TenantConfig).where(TenantConfig.tenant_id == tenant_id)
+    )
+    configs = result.scalars().all()
+
+    base = settings.model_dump()
+    if not configs:
+        return base
+
+    overrides = {cfg.key: cfg.value for cfg in configs}
+    return {**base, **overrides}

backend/app/core/database.py

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession, create_async_engine
+from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, sessionmaker
+
+# Phase 0B에서 settings로 교체 예정 — 현재는 하드코딩 허용
+DATABASE_URL = "sqlite+aiosqlite:///:memory:"
+
+
+class Base(DeclarativeBase):
+    pass
+
+
+engine = create_async_engine(DATABASE_URL, echo=False)
+AsyncSessionLocal = sessionmaker(engine, class_=AsyncSession, expire_on_commit=False)
+
+
+async def get_db():
+    async with AsyncSessionLocal() as session:
+        yield session
+
+
+async def init_db():
+    async with engine.begin() as conn:
+        await conn.run_sync(Base.metadata.create_all)
+
+
+async def startup_hook():
+    """Phase 0B startup 훅 — DB 초기화 + 추가 작업 예정."""
+    await init_db()

backend/app/core/deps.py

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+"""
+FastAPI 공통 의존성.
+JWT 인증, 역할 검증.
+"""
+from typing import Optional
+
+from fastapi import Depends, HTTPException, Header, status
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+from sqlalchemy import select
+
+from app.core.database import get_db
+from app.core.security import decode_token
+from app.models.admin import AdminUser, AdminRole, SystemAdmin
+
+
+async def get_current_admin(
+    authorization: Optional[str] = Header(default=None),
+    db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db),
+) -> AdminUser:
+    """JWT Bearer 토큰에서 AdminUser 추출."""
+    if not authorization or not authorization.startswith("Bearer "):
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, detail="Not authenticated")
+
+    token = authorization.removeprefix("Bearer ").strip()
+    payload = decode_token(token)
+    if not payload:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, detail="Invalid token")
+
+    if payload.get("type") == "system_admin":
+        # SystemAdmin은 별도 처리 — 여기선 tenant-scoped API 접근 거부
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN, detail="Use system admin endpoints")
+
+    user_id = payload.get("sub")
+    result = await db.execute(select(AdminUser).where(AdminUser.id == user_id, AdminUser.is_active.is_(True)))
+    user = result.scalar_one_or_none()
+    if not user:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, detail="User not found")
+    return user
+
+
+def require_role(*roles: AdminRole):
+    """역할 검증 의존성 팩토리."""
+    async def _check(user: AdminUser = Depends(get_current_admin)) -> AdminUser:
+        if user.role not in roles:
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN, detail="Insufficient permissions")
+        return user
+    return _check
+
+
+# 편의 의존성
+require_editor = require_role(AdminRole.admin, AdminRole.editor)
+require_admin = require_role(AdminRole.admin)

backend/app/core/middleware.py

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+from starlette.middleware.base import BaseHTTPMiddleware
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
+
+from sqlalchemy import select
+
+EXEMPT_PATHS = {"/health", "/ready", "/engine/query", "/api/docs", "/openapi.json", "/redoc"}
+EXEMPT_PREFIXES = ("/skill/", "/api/admin/")  # 채널 API + 관리자 API (JWT로 tenant 검증)
+
+
+class TenantMiddleware(BaseHTTPMiddleware):
+    async def dispatch(self, request: Request, call_next):
+        path = request.url.path
+        if path in EXEMPT_PATHS or any(path.startswith(p) for p in EXEMPT_PREFIXES):
+            request.state.tenant_id = None
+            return await call_next(request)
+
+        tenant_id = await self._resolve_tenant(request)
+        if not tenant_id:
+            return JSONResponse({"error": "tenant_required"}, status_code=400)
+
+        request.state.tenant_id = tenant_id
+        return await call_next(request)
+
+    async def _resolve_tenant(self, request: Request):
+        # 현재는 X-Tenant-Slug 헤더만 처리 (Phase 0B에서 JWT 추가)
+        slug = request.headers.get("X-Tenant-Slug")
+        if slug:
+            return slug
+        return None
+
+
+def tenanted_query(query, model, tenant_id):
+    """
+    주의: model 파라미터가 두 번째 인자다. (v2.0 오류 수정)
+    tenant_id가 None 또는 빈 문자열이면 RuntimeError 발생.
+    사용 예: tenanted_query(select(FAQ), FAQ, request.state.tenant_id)
+    """
+    if not tenant_id:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            f"tenant_id is required for {model.__tablename__} queries. "
+            "Check TenantMiddleware is applied."
+        )
+    return query.where(model.tenant_id == tenant_id)
+
+
+def system_query(query):
+    """SystemAdmin 전용 쿼리. tenant 필터 없음. 일반 서비스에서 호출 금지."""
+    return query

backend/app/core/security.py

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
+from typing import Optional
+
+import bcrypt
+import jwt
+
+from app.core.config import settings
+
+
+def hash_password(password: str) -> str:
+    return bcrypt.hashpw(password.encode(), bcrypt.gensalt()).decode()
+
+
+def verify_password(plain: str, hashed: str) -> bool:
+    return bcrypt.checkpw(plain.encode(), hashed.encode())
+
+
+def create_admin_token(user_id: str, tenant_id: str, role: str) -> str:
+    payload = {
+        "sub": user_id,
+        "tenant_id": tenant_id,
+        "role": role,
+        "type": "admin_user",
+        "exp": datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(hours=settings.JWT_EXPIRE_HOURS),
+    }
+    return jwt.encode(payload, settings.SECRET_KEY, algorithm="HS256")
+
+
+def create_system_token(sys_admin_id: str) -> str:
+    payload = {
+        "sub": sys_admin_id,
+        "tenant_id": None,
+        "role": "system",
+        "type": "system_admin",
+        "exp": datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(hours=settings.JWT_EXPIRE_HOURS),
+    }
+    return jwt.encode(payload, settings.SECRET_KEY, algorithm="HS256")
+
+
+def decode_token(token: str) -> Optional[dict]:
+    try:
+        return jwt.decode(token, settings.SECRET_KEY, algorithms=["HS256"])
+    except Exception:
+        return None

backend/app/main.py

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+from app.core.config import settings
+from app.core.database import startup_hook
+from app.core.middleware import TenantMiddleware
+from app.providers import get_embedding_provider, get_llm_provider, get_vectordb_provider
+from app.routers import health
+from app.routers import engine, skill
+from app.routers import admin_docs, admin_crawler
+from app.routers import admin_faq, admin_moderation, admin_complaints
+from app.routers import admin_auth, admin_metrics
+
+
+@asynccontextmanager
+async def lifespan(app: FastAPI):
+    await startup_hook()
+
+    # 전역 설정 로드
+    cfg = settings.model_dump()
+
+    # Provider 초기화
+    embedding = get_embedding_provider(cfg)
+    llm = get_llm_provider(cfg)
+    vectordb = get_vectordb_provider(cfg)
+
+    # 임베딩 워밍업 (시작 시 모델 로드)
+    try:
+        await embedding.warmup()
+    except Exception:
+        pass  # 실패해도 서버는 기동 — /ready에서 상태 노출
+
+    app.state.providers = {
+        "embedding": embedding,
+        "llm": llm,
+        "vectordb": vectordb,
+    }
+    app.state.tenant_configs = {}  # 캐시: {tenant_slug: config_dict}
+    app.state.redis = None  # Phase 1: Redis 연결은 선택적
+
+    # Redis 연결 시도
+    try:
+        import redis.asyncio as aioredis
+        r = aioredis.from_url(settings.REDIS_URL, socket_connect_timeout=2)
+        await r.ping()
+        app.state.redis = r
+    except Exception:
+        pass  # Redis 없이도 동작 (Idempotency 비활성)
+
+    yield
+
+    # 종료 시 Redis 연결 해제
+    if app.state.redis:
+        await app.state.redis.aclose()
+
+
+app = FastAPI(title="SmartBot KR", version="1.0.0", lifespan=lifespan)
+
+app.add_middleware(TenantMiddleware)
+app.include_router(health.router)
+app.include_router(engine.router)
+app.include_router(skill.router)
+app.include_router(admin_docs.router)
+app.include_router(admin_crawler.router)
+app.include_router(admin_auth.router)
+app.include_router(admin_faq.router)
+app.include_router(admin_moderation.router)
+app.include_router(admin_complaints.router)
+app.include_router(admin_metrics.router)

backend/app/providers/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+from app.providers.llm import LLMProvider, NullLLMProvider
+from app.providers.embedding import EmbeddingProvider, NotImplementedEmbeddingProvider
+from app.providers.vectordb import VectorDBProvider
+
+# 워밍업 상태 전역 플래그
+_embedding_warmed_up = False
+
+
+def get_llm_provider(config: dict) -> LLMProvider:
+    provider = config.get("LLM_PROVIDER", "none")
+    if provider == "none":
+        return NullLLMProvider()
+    if provider == "anthropic":
+        from app.providers.llm_anthropic import AnthropicLLMProvider
+        return AnthropicLLMProvider(
+            api_key=config.get("ANTHROPIC_API_KEY", ""),
+            model=config.get("LLM_MODEL", "claude-haiku-4-5-20251001"),
+        )
+    if provider == "openai":
+        from app.providers.llm_anthropic import OpenAILLMProvider
+        return OpenAILLMProvider(
+            api_key=config.get("OPENAI_API_KEY", ""),
+            model=config.get("LLM_MODEL", "gpt-4o-mini"),
+        )
+    raise ValueError(f"Unknown LLM provider: {provider}")
+
+
+def get_embedding_provider(config: dict) -> EmbeddingProvider:
+    provider = config.get("EMBEDDING_PROVIDER", "none")
+    if provider == "local":
+        from app.providers.local_embedding import LocalEmbeddingProvider
+        model = config.get("EMBEDDING_MODEL", "jhgan/ko-sroberta-multitask")
+        return LocalEmbeddingProvider(model_name=model)
+    return NotImplementedEmbeddingProvider()
+
+
+def get_vectordb_provider(config: dict) -> VectorDBProvider:
+    from app.providers.chroma import ChromaVectorDBProvider
+    return ChromaVectorDBProvider(
+        host=config.get("CHROMA_HOST", "chromadb"),
+        port=int(config.get("CHROMA_PORT", 8000)),
+    )

backend/app/providers/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Any
+
+
+@dataclass
+class SearchResult:
+    text: str
+    doc_id: str
+    score: float
+    metadata: dict = field(default_factory=dict)

backend/app/providers/chroma.py

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from app.providers.base import SearchResult
+from app.providers.vectordb import VectorDBProvider
+
+
+class ChromaVectorDBProvider(VectorDBProvider):
+    """
+    ChromaDB 기반 벡터 검색.
+    컬렉션명 = tenant_{tenant_id} (테넌트 격리)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, host: str = "chromadb", port: int = 8000):
+        self.host = host
+        self.port = port
+        self._client = None
+
+    def _get_client(self):
+        if self._client is None:
+            import chromadb
+            self._client = chromadb.HttpClient(host=self.host, port=self.port)
+        return self._client
+
+    def _collection_name(self, tenant_id: str) -> str:
+        return f"tenant_{tenant_id}"
+
+    async def upsert(
+        self,
+        tenant_id: str,
+        doc_id: str,
+        chunks: list[str],
+        embeddings: list[list[float]],
+        metadatas: list[dict],
+    ) -> int:
+        client = self._get_client()
+        collection = client.get_or_create_collection(self._collection_name(tenant_id))
+        ids = [f"{doc_id}_{i}" for i in range(len(chunks))]
+        collection.upsert(ids=ids, documents=chunks, embeddings=embeddings, metadatas=metadatas)
+        return len(chunks)
+
+    async def search(
+        self,
+        tenant_id: str,
+        query_vec: list[float],
+        top_k: int = 3,
+        threshold: float = 0.70,
+    ) -> list[SearchResult]:
+        client = self._get_client()
+        collection_name = self._collection_name(tenant_id)
+        try:
+            collection = client.get_collection(collection_name)
+        except Exception:
+            return []
+
+        results = collection.query(
+            query_embeddings=[query_vec],
+            n_results=min(top_k, collection.count()),
+            include=["documents", "metadatas", "distances"],
+        )
+
+        search_results = []
+        if not results["ids"] or not results["ids"][0]:
+            return []
+
+        for i, doc_id in enumerate(results["ids"][0]):
+            # Chroma distances: 1 - cosine_similarity (낮을수록 유사)
+            distance = results["distances"][0][i]
+            score = 1.0 - distance  # cosine similarity로 변환
+            if score >= threshold:
+                search_results.append(
+                    SearchResult(
+                        text=results["documents"][0][i],
+                        doc_id=doc_id,
+                        score=score,
+                        metadata=results["metadatas"][0][i] or {},
+                    )
+                )
+        return search_results
+
+    async def delete(self, tenant_id: str, doc_id: str) -> None:
+        client = self._get_client()
+        collection_name = self._collection_name(tenant_id)
+        try:
+            collection = client.get_collection(collection_name)
+            # doc_id로 시작하는 모든 청크 삭제
+            all_ids = collection.get()["ids"]
+            ids_to_delete = [id_ for id_ in all_ids if id_.startswith(f"{doc_id}_")]
+            if ids_to_delete:
+                collection.delete(ids=ids_to_delete)
+        except Exception:
+            pass

backend/app/providers/embedding.py

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+
+
+class EmbeddingProvider(ABC):
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def embed(self, texts: list[str]) -> list[list[float]]:
+        ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def warmup(self) -> None:
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def dimension(self) -> int:
+        ...
+
+
+class NotImplementedEmbeddingProvider(EmbeddingProvider):
+    """Phase 1에서 LocalEmbeddingProvider로 교체 예정"""
+
+    async def embed(self, texts: list[str]) -> list:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Embedding provider not configured. Set EMBEDDING_PROVIDER.")
+
+    async def warmup(self) -> None:
+        pass  # 예외 없이 통과
+
+    @property
+    def dimension(self) -> int:
+        return 768

backend/app/providers/llm.py

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from typing import Optional
+
+
+class LLMProvider(ABC):
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def generate(
+        self,
+        system_prompt: str,
+        user_message: str,
+        context_chunks: list,
+        max_tokens: int = 512,
+    ) -> Optional[str]:
+        """실패 시 None 반환. 예외 raise 금지."""
+        ...
+
+
+class NullLLMProvider(LLMProvider):
+    """LLM_PROVIDER=none 기본값"""
+
+    async def generate(
+        self,
+        system_prompt: str = "",
+        user_message: str = "",
+        context_chunks: list = None,
+        max_tokens: int = 512,
+    ) -> None:
+        return None

backend/app/providers/llm_anthropic.py

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+"""
+Anthropic Claude LLM Provider.
+근거(context_chunks)가 있을 때만 호출.
+할루시네이션 방지: 근거 없으면 None 반환.
+"""
+from typing import Optional
+
+from app.providers.llm import LLMProvider
+
+SYSTEM_PROMPT_TEMPLATE = """당신은 {tenant_name}AI 안내 도우미입니다.
+반드시 아래 근거 문서에 있는 내용만을 바탕으로 답변하세요.
+근거 없는 내용은 절대 추측하거나 생성하지 마세요.
+
+근거 문서:
+{context}
+
+규칙:
+1. 근거 문서에 없는 내용은 "담당자에게 문의해 주세요"로 안내
+2. 답변은 간결하고 명확하게 (3문장 이내)
+3. 전문 용어는 쉬운 말로 바꿔 설명
+"""
+
+
+class AnthropicLLMProvider(LLMProvider):
+    def __init__(self, api_key: str, model: str = "claude-haiku-4-5-20251001"):
+        self.api_key = api_key
+        self.model = model
+
+    async def generate(
+        self,
+        system_prompt: str,
+        user_message: str,
+        context_chunks: list,
+        max_tokens: int = 512,
+    ) -> Optional[str]:
+        """근거 없으면 None 반환. 예외 발생 시 None 반환."""
+        if not context_chunks:
+            return None  # 할루시네이션 방지 — 근거 없으면 LLM 미호출
+
+        try:
+            import anthropic
+            client = anthropic.AsyncAnthropic(api_key=self.api_key)
+            message = await client.messages.create(
+                model=self.model,
+                max_tokens=max_tokens,
+                system=system_prompt,
+                messages=[{"role": "user", "content": user_message}],
+            )
+            return message.content[0].text if message.content else None
+        except Exception:
+            return None  # 실패 시 None — 호출자가 Tier D로 폴백
+
+
+class OpenAILLMProvider(LLMProvider):
+    def __init__(self, api_key: str, model: str = "gpt-4o-mini"):
+        self.api_key = api_key
+        self.model = model
+
+    async def generate(
+        self,
+        system_prompt: str,
+        user_message: str,
+        context_chunks: list,
+        max_tokens: int = 512,
+    ) -> Optional[str]:
+        if not context_chunks:
+            return None
+
+        try:
+            import openai
+            client = openai.AsyncOpenAI(api_key=self.api_key)
+            response = await client.chat.completions.create(
+                model=self.model,
+                max_tokens=max_tokens,
+                messages=[
+                    {"role": "system", "content": system_prompt},
+                    {"role": "user", "content": user_message},
+                ],
+            )
+            return response.choices[0].message.content
+        except Exception:
+            return None

backend/app/providers/local_embedding.py

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from app.providers.embedding import EmbeddingProvider
+
+import app.providers as providers_module
+
+
+class LocalEmbeddingProvider(EmbeddingProvider):
+    """
+    jhgan/ko-sroberta-multitask 기반 로컬 임베딩.
+    sentence-transformers 패키지 필요.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, model_name: str = "jhgan/ko-sroberta-multitask"):
+        self.model_name = model_name
+        self._model = None
+
+    async def warmup(self) -> None:
+        """모델 로드. 최초 1회 실행."""
+        from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
+        self._model = SentenceTransformer(self.model_name)
+        providers_module._embedding_warmed_up = True
+
+    async def embed(self, texts: list[str]) -> list[list[float]]:
+        if self._model is None:
+            await self.warmup()
+        embeddings = self._model.encode(texts, convert_to_numpy=True)
+        return embeddings.tolist()
+
+    @property
+    def dimension(self) -> int:
+        return 768

backend/app/providers/vectordb.py

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+
+from app.providers.base import SearchResult
+
+
+class VectorDBProvider(ABC):
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def upsert(
+        self,
+        tenant_id: str,
+        doc_id: str,
+        chunks: list[str],
+        embeddings: list[list[float]],
+        metadatas: list[dict],
+    ) -> int:
+        ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def search(
+        self,
+        tenant_id: str,
+        query_vec: list[float],
+        top_k: int = 3,
+        threshold: float = 0.70,
+    ) -> list[SearchResult]:
+        ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def delete(self, tenant_id: str, doc_id: str) -> None:
+        ...

backend/app/routers/admin_auth.py

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+"""
+관리자 인증 API.
+POST /api/admin/auth/login — 로그인 (JWT 발급)
+"""
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException, status
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from sqlalchemy import select
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+from app.core.database import get_db
+from app.core.security import verify_password, create_admin_token
+from app.models.admin import AdminUser
+
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/api/admin/auth", tags=["admin-auth"])
+
+
+class LoginRequest(BaseModel):
+    tenant_id: str
+    email: str
+    password: str
+
+
+class LoginResponse(BaseModel):
+    access_token: str
+    token_type: str = "bearer"
+    role: str
+
+
+@router.post("/login", response_model=LoginResponse)
+async def login(body: LoginRequest, db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db)):
+    result = await db.execute(
+        select(AdminUser).where(
+            AdminUser.tenant_id == body.tenant_id,
+            AdminUser.email == body.email,
+            AdminUser.is_active == True,
+        )
+    )
+    user = result.scalar_one_or_none()
+
+    if user is None or not verify_password(body.password, user.hashed_pw):
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
+            detail="이메일 또는 비밀번호가 올바르지 않습니다.",
+        )
+
+    token = create_admin_token(user.id, user.tenant_id, user.role.value)
+    return LoginResponse(access_token=token, role=user.role.value)

backend/app/routers/admin_complaints.py

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+"""
+민원 이력 조회 API — viewer 이상.
+GET /api/admin/complaints — 민원 이력 목록 (마스킹 상태로 노출)
+"""
+from typing import Optional
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, Query
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from sqlalchemy import select, desc
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+from app.core.database import get_db
+from app.core.deps import get_current_admin
+from app.models.admin import AdminUser
+from app.models.complaint import ComplaintLog
+
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/api/admin/complaints", tags=["admin-complaints"])
+
+
+class ComplaintOut(BaseModel):
+    id: str
+    user_key: str          # 해시값만 노출
+    utterance_masked: Optional[str] = None  # 마스킹된 발화
+    channel: Optional[str] = None
+    response_tier: Optional[str] = None
+    response_source: Optional[str] = None
+    response_ms: Optional[int] = None
+    is_timeout: bool
+    created_at: Optional[datetime] = None
+
+    class Config:
+        from_attributes = True
+
+
+@router.get("", response_model=list[ComplaintOut])
+async def list_complaints(
+    limit: int = Query(default=50, le=200),
+    tier: Optional[str] = Query(default=None, description="A|B|C|D"),
+    db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db),
+    current_user: AdminUser = Depends(get_current_admin),
+):
+    """
+    민원 이력 조회.
+    - utterance는 마스킹 상태로만 노출 (관리자도 원문 열람 불가)
+    - user_key는 해시값만 노출
+    """
+    query = (
+        select(ComplaintLog)
+        .where(ComplaintLog.tenant_id == current_user.tenant_id)
+        .order_by(desc(ComplaintLog.created_at))
+        .limit(limit)
+    )
+    if tier:
+        query = query.where(ComplaintLog.response_tier == tier)
+
+    result = await db.execute(query)
+    logs = result.scalars().all()
+    return [
+        ComplaintOut(
+            id=log.id,
+            user_key=log.user_key or "",
+            utterance_masked=log.utterance_masked,
+            channel=log.channel,
+            response_tier=log.response_tier,
+            response_source=log.response_source,
+            response_ms=log.response_ms,
+            is_timeout=bool(log.is_timeout),
+            created_at=log.created_at,
+        )
+        for log in logs
+    ]

backend/app/routers/admin_crawler.py

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+"""
+크롤러 관리 API.
+POST /api/admin/crawler/urls         — URL 등록
+GET  /api/admin/crawler/urls         — URL 목록
+POST /api/admin/crawler/run/{url_id} — 수동 크롤링 실행
+DELETE /api/admin/crawler/urls/{id}  — URL 삭제
+"""
+from typing import Optional
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException, Request, status
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from sqlalchemy import select
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+from app.core.database import get_db
+from app.core.deps import require_editor
+from app.models.admin import AdminUser
+from app.models.knowledge import CrawlerURL, Document
+from app.services.crawler import CrawlerService
+from app.services.document_processor import DocumentProcessor
+from app.services.audit import log_action
+
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/api/admin/crawler", tags=["admin-crawler"])
+
+
+class CrawlerURLCreate(BaseModel):
+    url: str
+    url_type: str = "page"
+    interval_hours: int = 24
+
+
+class CrawlerURLOut(BaseModel):
+    id: str
+    url: str
+    url_type: str
+    interval_hours: int
+    is_active: bool
+    last_crawled: Optional[str] = None
+
+    class Config:
+        from_attributes = True
+
+
+@router.post("/urls", status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
+async def register_url(
+    body: CrawlerURLCreate,
+    db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db),
+    current_user: AdminUser = Depends(require_editor),
+):
+    """크롤러 URL 등록."""
+    crawler_url = CrawlerURL(
+        tenant_id=current_user.tenant_id,
+        url=body.url,
+        url_type=body.url_type,
+        interval_hours=body.interval_hours,
+        is_active=True,
+    )
+    db.add(crawler_url)
+    await db.commit()
+    await db.refresh(crawler_url)
+
+    await log_action(
+        db=db,
+        tenant_id=current_user.tenant_id,
+        actor_id=current_user.id,
+        actor_type="admin_user",
+        action="crawler.approve",
+        target_type="crawler_url",
+        target_id=crawler_url.id,
+        diff={"url": body.url},
+    )
+
+    return {"id": crawler_url.id, "url": crawler_url.url}
+
+
+@router.get("/urls", response_model=list[CrawlerURLOut])
+async def list_urls(
+    db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db),
+    current_user: AdminUser = Depends(require_editor),
+):
+    result = await db.execute(
+        select(CrawlerURL).where(CrawlerURL.tenant_id == current_user.tenant_id)
+    )
+    return result.scalars().all()
+
+
+@router.post("/run/{url_id}")
+async def run_crawl(
+    url_id: str,
+    request: Request,
+    db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db),
+    current_user: AdminUser = Depends(require_editor),
+):
+    """수동 크롤링 실행 → 텍스트 추출 → 문서로 저장."""
+    tenant_id = current_user.tenant_id
+    result = await db.execute(
+        select(CrawlerURL).where(CrawlerURL.id == url_id, CrawlerURL.tenant_id == tenant_id)
+    )
+    crawler_url = result.scalar_one_or_none()
+    if not crawler_url:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Crawler URL not found")
+
+    service = CrawlerService(db)
+    text = await service.run(crawler_url, tenant_id)
+
+    if not text:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail="Failed to crawl or robots.txt disallowed")
+
+    # 크롤링 결과를 문서로 저장
+    from urllib.parse import urlparse
+    parsed = urlparse(crawler_url.url)
+    filename = parsed.netloc + parsed.path.replace("/", "_") + ".txt"
+
+    doc = Document(
+        tenant_id=tenant_id,
+        filename=filename,
+        source_type="crawler",
+        source_url=crawler_url.url,
+        is_active=False,  # 편집장 검토 후 승인
+        status="pending",
+    )
+    db.add(doc)
+    await db.flush()
+
+    providers = getattr(request.app.state, "providers", {})
+    processor = DocumentProcessor(
+        embedding_provider=providers.get("embedding"),
+        vectordb_provider=providers.get("vectordb"),
+        db=db,
+    )
+    chunk_count = await processor.process(tenant_id, doc, text.encode("utf-8"))
+
+    return {
+        "doc_id": doc.id,
+        "url": crawler_url.url,
+        "chunk_count": chunk_count,
+        "status": doc.status,
+    }
+
+
+@router.delete("/urls/{url_id}", status_code=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
+async def delete_url(
+    url_id: str,
+    db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db),
+    current_user: AdminUser = Depends(require_editor),
+):
+    result = await db.execute(
+        select(CrawlerURL).where(CrawlerURL.id == url_id, CrawlerURL.tenant_id == current_user.tenant_id)
+    )
+    crawler_url = result.scalar_one_or_none()
+    if not crawler_url:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Crawler URL not found")
+
+    await db.delete(crawler_url)
+    await db.commit()
+
+    await log_action(
+        db=db,
+        tenant_id=current_user.tenant_id,
+        actor_id=current_user.id,
+        actor_type="admin_user",
+        action="crawler.reject",
+        target_type="crawler_url",
+        target_id=url_id,
+    )

backend/app/routers/admin_docs.py

@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+"""
+문서 관리 API — 편집장(editor) 이상 접근.
+POST   /api/admin/documents/upload   — 문서 업로드
+POST   /api/admin/documents/{id}/approve — 문서 승인 (is_active=True)
+GET    /api/admin/documents          — 문서 목록
+DELETE /api/admin/documents/{id}     — 문서 삭제
+"""
+from typing import Optional
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException, Request, UploadFile, File, Form, status
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from sqlalchemy import select
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+from app.core.database import get_db
+from app.core.deps import require_editor, require_admin, get_current_admin
+from app.models.admin import AdminUser
+from app.models.knowledge import Document
+from app.services.document_processor import DocumentProcessor
+from app.services.audit import log_action
+
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/api/admin/documents", tags=["admin-documents"])
+
+
+class DocumentOut(BaseModel):
+    id: str
+    filename: str
+    status: str
+    is_active: bool
+    chunk_count: int
+    version: int
+    published_at: Optional[datetime] = None
+    created_at: Optional[datetime] = None
+
+    class Config:
+        from_attributes = True
+
+
+@router.post("/upload", status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
+async def upload_document(
+    request: Request,
+    file: UploadFile = File(...),
+    published_at: Optional[str] = Form(default=None),
+    db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db),
+    current_user: AdminUser = Depends(require_editor),
+):
+    """문서 업로드 → 파싱·임베딩 → VectorDB 저장. is_active=False (승인 대기)."""
+    tenant_id = current_user.tenant_id
+    content = await file.read()
+
+    # 지원 형식 검사
+    ext = file.filename.rsplit(".", 1)[-1].lower() if "." in file.filename else ""
+    SUPPORTED = {"txt", "md", "html", "htm", "docx", "pdf"}
+    if ext not in SUPPORTED:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=f"Unsupported file type: .{ext}")
+
+    # Document 레코드 생성
+    published = None
+    if published_at:
+        try:
+            published = datetime.fromisoformat(published_at)
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+
+    doc = Document(
+        tenant_id=tenant_id,
+        filename=file.filename,
+        source_type="upload",
+        is_active=False,  # 편집장 승인 전
+        status="pending",
+        published_at=published,
+        approved_by=None,
+    )
+    db.add(doc)
+    await db.flush()  # id 확보
+
+    # 문서 처리
+    providers = getattr(request.app.state, "providers", {})
+    processor = DocumentProcessor(
+        embedding_provider=providers.get("embedding"),
+        vectordb_provider=providers.get("vectordb"),
+        db=db,
+    )
+    chunk_count = await processor.process(tenant_id, doc, content)
+
+    # 감사 로그
+    await log_action(
+        db=db,
+        tenant_id=tenant_id,
+        actor_id=current_user.id,
+        actor_type="admin_user",
+        action="doc.upload",
+        target_type="document",
+        target_id=doc.id,
+        diff={"filename": file.filename, "chunk_count": chunk_count},
+    )
+
+    return {"id": doc.id, "filename": doc.filename, "status": doc.status, "chunk_count": chunk_count}
+
+
+@router.post("/{doc_id}/approve")
+async def approve_document(
+    doc_id: str,
+    request: Request,
+    db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db),
+    current_user: AdminUser = Depends(require_editor),
+):
+    """문서 승인 → is_active=True."""
+    tenant_id = current_user.tenant_id
+    result = await db.execute(
+        select(Document).where(Document.id == doc_id, Document.tenant_id == tenant_id)
+    )
+    doc = result.scalar_one_or_none()
+    if not doc:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Document not found")
+    if doc.status not in ("processed", "embedding_unavailable"):
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=f"Cannot approve document with status: {doc.status}")
+
+    doc.is_active = True
+    doc.approved_by = current_user.id
+    doc.approved_at = datetime.utcnow()
+    await db.commit()
+
+    await log_action(
+        db=db,
+        tenant_id=tenant_id,
+        actor_id=current_user.id,
+        actor_type="admin_user",
+        action="doc.approve",
+        target_type="document",
+        target_id=doc.id,
+    )
+
+    return {"id": doc.id, "is_active": True}
+
+
+@router.get("", response_model=list[DocumentOut])
+async def list_documents(
+    db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db),
+    current_user: AdminUser = Depends(get_current_admin),
+):
+    """문서 목록 조회."""
+    result = await db.execute(
+        select(Document)
+        .where(Document.tenant_id == current_user.tenant_id)
+        .order_by(Document.created_at.desc())
+    )
+    return result.scalars().all()
+
+
+@router.delete("/{doc_id}", status_code=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
+async def delete_document(
+    doc_id: str,
+    request: Request,
+    db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db),
+    current_user: AdminUser = Depends(require_editor),
+):
+    """문서 삭제 (DB + VectorDB)."""
+    tenant_id = current_user.tenant_id
+    result = await db.execute(
+        select(Document).where(Document.id == doc_id, Document.tenant_id == tenant_id)
+    )
+    doc = result.scalar_one_or_none()
+    if not doc:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Document not found")
+
+    # VectorDB 청크 삭제
+    providers = getattr(request.app.state, "providers", {})
+    vectordb = providers.get("vectordb")
+    if vectordb:
+        processor = DocumentProcessor(
+            embedding_provider=providers.get("embedding"),
+            vectordb_provider=vectordb,
+            db=db,
+        )
+        await processor.delete(tenant_id, doc_id)
+
+    await db.delete(doc)
+    await db.commit()
+
+    await log_action(
+        db=db,
+        tenant_id=tenant_id,
+        actor_id=current_user.id,
+        actor_type="admin_user",
+        action="doc.delete",
+        target_type="document",
+        target_id=doc_id,
+    )

backend/app/routers/admin_faq.py

@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+"""
+FAQ CRUD API — 편집장(editor) 이상.
+POST   /api/admin/faqs           — FAQ 생성
+GET    /api/admin/faqs           — FAQ 목록
+PUT    /api/admin/faqs/{id}      — FAQ 수정
+DELETE /api/admin/faqs/{id}      — FAQ 삭제
+POST   /api/admin/faqs/{id}/index — FAQ 벡터 색인
+"""
+from typing import Optional
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException, Request, status
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from sqlalchemy import select
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+from app.core.database import get_db
+from app.core.deps import require_editor, get_current_admin
+from app.models.admin import AdminUser
+from app.models.knowledge import FAQ
+from app.services.audit import log_action
+from app.services.faq_search import FAQSearchService
+
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/api/admin/faqs", tags=["admin-faq"])
+
+
+class FAQCreate(BaseModel):
+    category: Optional[str] = None
+    question: str
+    answer: str
+    keywords: Optional[list[str]] = None
+
+
+class FAQUpdate(BaseModel):
+    category: Optional[str] = None
+    question: Optional[str] = None
+    answer: Optional[str] = None
+    keywords: Optional[list[str]] = None
+    is_active: Optional[bool] = None
+
+
+class FAQOut(BaseModel):
+    id: str
+    category: Optional[str] = None
+    question: str
+    answer: str
+    keywords: Optional[list] = None
+    hit_count: int
+    is_active: bool
+
+    class Config:
+        from_attributes = True
+
+
+@router.post("", status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED, response_model=FAQOut)
+async def create_faq(
+    body: FAQCreate,
+    request: Request,
+    db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db),
+    current_user: AdminUser = Depends(require_editor),
+):
+    faq = FAQ(
+        tenant_id=current_user.tenant_id,
+        category=body.category,
+        question=body.question,
+        answer=body.answer,
+        keywords=body.keywords,
+        created_by=current_user.id,
+        is_active=True,
+    )
+    db.add(faq)
+    await db.flush()
+
+    # 벡터 색인
+    providers = getattr(request.app.state, "providers", {})
+    if providers.get("embedding") and providers.get("vectordb"):
+        service = FAQSearchService(providers["embedding"], providers["vectordb"], db)
+        try:
+            await service.index_faq(current_user.tenant_id, faq)
+        except Exception:
+            pass  # 색인 실패해도 FAQ 저장은 성공
+
+    await db.commit()
+    await db.refresh(faq)
+
+    await log_action(
+        db=db,
+        tenant_id=current_user.tenant_id,
+        actor_id=current_user.id,
+        actor_type="admin_user",
+        action="faq.create",
+        target_type="faq",
+        target_id=faq.id,
+        diff={"question": body.question},
+    )
+    return faq
+
+
+@router.get("", response_model=list[FAQOut])
+async def list_faqs(
+    db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db),
+    current_user: AdminUser = Depends(get_current_admin),
+):
+    result = await db.execute(
+        select(FAQ)
+        .where(FAQ.tenant_id == current_user.tenant_id)
+        .order_by(FAQ.created_at.desc())
+    )
+    return result.scalars().all()
+
+
+@router.put("/{faq_id}", response_model=FAQOut)
+async def update_faq(
+    faq_id: str,
+    body: FAQUpdate,
+    request: Request,
+    db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db),
+    current_user: AdminUser = Depends(require_editor),
+):
+    result = await db.execute(
+        select(FAQ).where(FAQ.id == faq_id, FAQ.tenant_id == current_user.tenant_id)
+    )
+    faq = result.scalar_one_or_none()
+    if not faq:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="FAQ not found")
+
+    diff = {}
+    if body.question is not None:
+        diff["question"] = {"before": faq.question, "after": body.question}
+        faq.question = body.question
+    if body.answer is not None:
+        diff["answer"] = "updated"
+        faq.answer = body.answer
+    if body.category is not None:
+        faq.category = body.category
+    if body.keywords is not None:
+        faq.keywords = body.keywords
+    if body.is_active is not None:
+        faq.is_active = body.is_active
+
+    # 재색인
+    providers = getattr(request.app.state, "providers", {})
+    if providers.get("embedding") and providers.get("vectordb") and faq.is_active:
+        service = FAQSearchService(providers["embedding"], providers["vectordb"], db)
+        try:
+            await service.index_faq(current_user.tenant_id, faq)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+    await db.commit()
+    await db.refresh(faq)
+
+    await log_action(
+        db=db,
+        tenant_id=current_user.tenant_id,
+        actor_id=current_user.id,
+        actor_type="admin_user",
+        action="faq.update",
+        target_type="faq",
+        target_id=faq_id,
+        diff=diff,
+    )
+    return faq
+
+
+@router.delete("/{faq_id}", status_code=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
+async def delete_faq(
+    faq_id: str,
+    db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db),
+    current_user: AdminUser = Depends(require_editor),
+):
+    result = await db.execute(
+        select(FAQ).where(FAQ.id == faq_id, FAQ.tenant_id == current_user.tenant_id)
+    )
+    faq = result.scalar_one_or_none()
+    if not faq:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="FAQ not found")
+
+    await db.delete(faq)
+    await db.commit()
+
+    await log_action(
+        db=db,
+        tenant_id=current_user.tenant_id,
+        actor_id=current_user.id,
+        actor_type="admin_user",
+        action="faq.delete",
+        target_type="faq",
+        target_id=faq_id,
+    )

backend/app/routers/admin_metrics.py

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+"""
+메트릭 조회 API — viewer 이상.
+GET /api/admin/metrics — Tier별 응답 통계 (ComplaintLog 기반, Redis 선택적)
+"""
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, Request
+from sqlalchemy import select, func
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+from app.core.database import get_db
+from app.core.deps import get_current_admin
+from app.models.admin import AdminUser
+from app.models.complaint import ComplaintLog
+
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/api/admin/metrics", tags=["admin-metrics"])
+
+
+@router.get("")
+async def get_metrics(
+    request: Request,
+    db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db),
+    current_user: AdminUser = Depends(get_current_admin),
+):
+    """
+    Tier별 응답 통계.
+    Redis가 있으면 MetricsCollector, 없으면 DB 집계로 fallback.
+    """
+    tenant_id = current_user.tenant_id
+
+    # Redis MetricsCollector 우선
+    redis = getattr(request.app.state, "redis", None)
+    if redis is not None:
+        try:
+            from app.services.metrics import MetricsCollector
+            collector = MetricsCollector(redis)
+            overview = await collector.get_overview(tenant_id)
+            counts = overview.get("counts", {})
+            total = counts.get("total_count", 0)
+            return {
+                "total_count": total,
+                "tier_counts": {
+                    "A": counts.get("faq_hit_count", 0),
+                    "B": counts.get("rag_hit_count", 0),
+                    "C": counts.get("llm_hit_count", 0),
+                    "D": counts.get("fallback_count", 0),
+                },
+                "timeout_count": counts.get("timeout_count", 0),
+                "avg_ms": overview.get("avg_ms", 0),
+                "p95_ms": overview.get("p95_ms", 0),
+            }
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+    # DB fallback: ComplaintLog 집계
+    total_result = await db.execute(
+        select(func.count()).where(ComplaintLog.tenant_id == tenant_id)
+    )
+    total = total_result.scalar() or 0
+
+    tier_result = await db.execute(
+        select(ComplaintLog.response_tier, func.count())
+        .where(ComplaintLog.tenant_id == tenant_id)
+        .group_by(ComplaintLog.response_tier)
+    )
+    tier_counts = {row[0]: row[1] for row in tier_result.all() if row[0]}
+
+    timeout_result = await db.execute(
+        select(func.count()).where(
+            ComplaintLog.tenant_id == tenant_id,
+            ComplaintLog.is_timeout == True,
+        )
+    )
+    timeout_count = timeout_result.scalar() or 0
+
+    return {
+        "total_count": total,
+        "tier_counts": {
+            "A": tier_counts.get("A", 0),
+            "B": tier_counts.get("B", 0),
+            "C": tier_counts.get("C", 0),
+            "D": tier_counts.get("D", 0),
+        },
+        "timeout_count": timeout_count,
+        "avg_ms": 0,
+        "p95_ms": 0,
+    }

backend/app/routers/admin_moderation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+"""
+악성 유저 관리 API — 편집장(editor) 이상.
+GET    /api/admin/moderation                    — 제한 유저 목록
+POST   /api/admin/moderation/{user_key}/release — 수동 해제
+POST   /api/admin/moderation/{user_key}/escalate — 수동 레벨 상승
+"""
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from sqlalchemy import select
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+from app.core.database import get_db
+from app.core.deps import require_editor, require_admin
+from app.models.admin import AdminUser
+from app.models.moderation import UserRestriction
+from app.services.moderation import ModerationService
+from app.services.audit import log_action
+
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/api/admin/moderation", tags=["admin-moderation"])
+
+
+class RestrictionOut(BaseModel):
+    id: str
+    user_key: str
+    level: int
+    reason: str | None = None
+    auto_applied: bool
+    expires_at: str | None = None
+
+    class Config:
+        from_attributes = True
+
+
+class EscalateRequest(BaseModel):
+    reason: str = "수동 조치"
+
+
+@router.get("", response_model=list[RestrictionOut])
+async def list_restrictions(
+    db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db),
+    current_user: AdminUser = Depends(require_editor),
+):
+    """제한(level ≥ 1) 유저 목록."""
+    result = await db.execute(
+        select(UserRestriction).where(
+            UserRestriction.tenant_id == current_user.tenant_id,
+            UserRestriction.level > 0,
+        )
+    )
+    restrictions = result.scalars().all()
+    return [
+        RestrictionOut(
+            id=r.id,
+            user_key=r.user_key,
+            level=r.level,
+            reason=r.reason,
+            auto_applied=r.auto_applied,
+            expires_at=r.expires_at.isoformat() if r.expires_at else None,
+        )
+        for r in restrictions
+    ]
+
+
+@router.post("/{user_key}/release")
+async def release_restriction(
+    user_key: str,
+    db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db),
+    current_user: AdminUser = Depends(require_editor),
+):
+    """수동 해제 (Level 4+ 포함)."""
+    service = ModerationService(db)
+    await service.release(current_user.tenant_id, user_key, current_user.id)
+
+    await log_action(
+        db=db,
+        tenant_id=current_user.tenant_id,
+        actor_id=current_user.id,
+        actor_type="admin_user",
+        action="user.unblock",
+        target_type="user_restriction",
+        diff={"user_key": user_key},
+    )
+    return {"user_key": user_key, "released": True}
+
+
+@router.post("/{user_key}/escalate")
+async def escalate_restriction(
+    user_key: str,
+    body: EscalateRequest,
+    db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db),
+    current_user: AdminUser = Depends(require_editor),
+):
+    """수동 레벨 상승."""
+    service = ModerationService(db)
+    new_level = await service.escalate(current_user.tenant_id, user_key, body.reason)
+
+    await log_action(
+        db=db,
+        tenant_id=current_user.tenant_id,
+        actor_id=current_user.id,
+        actor_type="admin_user",
+        action="user.restrict",
+        target_type="user_restriction",
+        diff={"user_key": user_key, "new_level": new_level, "reason": body.reason},
+    )
+    return {"user_key": user_key, "new_level": new_level}

backend/app/routers/engine.py

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+"""
+POST /engine/query — 채널 공통 엔진 API (웹 시뮬레이터)
+"""
+import uuid
+from typing import Optional
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, Request
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+from app.core.database import get_db
+from app.core.config import settings
+from app.services.idempotency import IdempotencyCache
+from app.services.routing import ResponseRouter
+from app.services.complaint_logger import log_complaint
+from app.services.moderation import ModerationService
+
+router = APIRouter()
+
+
+class EngineRequest(BaseModel):
+    tenant: str
+    utterance: str
+    user_key: str
+    channel: str = "web"
+    request_id: Optional[str] = None
+
+
+class EngineResponse(BaseModel):
+    answer: str
+    tier: str
+    source: str
+    citations: list[dict] = []
+    request_id: Optional[str] = None
+    elapsed_ms: int = 0
+    is_timeout: bool = False
+
+
+@router.post("/engine/query", response_model=EngineResponse)
+async def engine_query(
+    body: EngineRequest,
+    request: Request,
+    db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db),
+):
+    tenant_id = body.tenant
+    request_id = body.request_id or str(uuid.uuid4())
+
+    # Idempotency 캐시 확인
+    redis_client = getattr(request.app.state, "redis", None)
+    if redis_client:
+        cache = IdempotencyCache(redis_client)
+        cached = await cache.get(tenant_id, request_id)
+        if cached:
+            return EngineResponse(**cached)
+
+    # 악성 감지
+    mod_service = ModerationService(db)
+    mod_result = await mod_service.check(tenant_id, body.user_key)
+    if not mod_result.allowed:
+        return EngineResponse(
+            answer=mod_result.message or "이용이 제한되었습니다. 담당 부서에 문의해 주세요.",
+            tier="D",
+            source="fallback",
+            request_id=request_id,
+        )
+
+    # 라우터 실행
+    providers = getattr(request.app.state, "providers", {})
+    tenant_config = getattr(request.app.state, "tenant_configs", {}).get(
+        tenant_id, settings.model_dump()
+    )
+    router_svc = ResponseRouter(tenant_config=tenant_config, providers=providers)
+    result = await router_svc.route(
+        tenant_id=tenant_id,
+        utterance=body.utterance,
+        user_key=body.user_key,
+        request_id=request_id,
+        db=db,
+    )
+
+    # 경고 메시지 추가 (Level 1)
+    if mod_result.message and mod_result.level == 1:
+        result.answer = f"{mod_result.message}\n\n{result.answer}"
+
+    resp_dict = result.to_dict()
+
+    # Idempotency 캐시 저장
+    if redis_client:
+        await cache.set(tenant_id, request_id, resp_dict)
+
+    # 민원 이력 저장 (fire-and-forget: 실패해도 응답 영향 없음)
+    try:
+        await log_complaint(
+            db=db,
+            tenant_id=tenant_id,
+            raw_utterance=body.utterance,
+            raw_user_id=body.user_key,
+            result=result,
+            channel=body.channel,
+        )
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+
+    return EngineResponse(
+        answer=result.answer,
+        tier=result.tier,
+        source=result.source,
+        citations=resp_dict.get("citations", []),
+        request_id=request_id,
+        elapsed_ms=result.elapsed_ms,
+        is_timeout=result.is_timeout,
+    )

backend/app/routers/health.py

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import redis.asyncio as aioredis
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Response
+from sqlalchemy import text
+
+import app.providers as providers_module
+from app.core.config import settings
+from app.core.database import AsyncSessionLocal
+
+router = APIRouter()
+
+
+@router.get("/health")
+async def health():
+    return {"status": "ok", "phase": "0B", "version": "0.2.0"}
+
+
+@router.get("/ready")
+async def ready(response: Response):
+    checks = {}
+    all_ok = True
+
+    # DB 확인
+    try:
+        async with AsyncSessionLocal() as session:
+            await session.execute(text("SELECT 1"))
+        checks["db"] = "ok"
+    except Exception as e:
+        checks["db"] = f"error: {e}"
+        all_ok = False
+
+    # Redis 확인
+    try:
+        r = aioredis.from_url(settings.REDIS_URL, socket_connect_timeout=2)
+        await r.ping()
+        await r.aclose()
+        checks["redis"] = "ok"
+    except Exception as e:
+        checks["redis"] = f"error: {e}"
+        all_ok = False
+
+    # Embedding 워밍업 상태
+    checks["embedding"] = "warmed_up" if providers_module._embedding_warmed_up else "not_warmed_up"
+
+    if all_ok:
+        return {"ready": True, "checks": checks}
+    else:
+        response.status_code = 503
+        return {"ready": False, "checks": checks}

backend/app/routers/skill.py

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+"""
+POST /skill/{tenant_slug} — 카카오 스킬 API
+"""
+import uuid
+from typing import Optional
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, Request
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+from app.core.database import get_db
+from app.core.config import settings
+from app.services.masking import mask_text, hash_user_key
+from app.services.idempotency import IdempotencyCache
+from app.services.routing import ResponseRouter
+from app.services.complaint_logger import log_complaint
+from app.services.moderation import ModerationService
+
+router = APIRouter()
+
+
+class KakaoUserRequest(BaseModel):
+    utterance: str
+    user: Optional[dict] = None
+
+
+class KakaoSkillRequest(BaseModel):
+    userRequest: KakaoUserRequest
+    action: Optional[dict] = None
+
+
+def build_kakao_response(answer: str, doc_name: Optional[str] = None) -> dict:
+    quick_replies = []
+    if doc_name:
+        quick_replies.append({
+            "label": "출처 보기",
+            "action": "message",
+            "messageText": f"출처: {doc_name}",
+        })
+    response = {
+        "version": "2.0",
+        "template": {
+            "outputs": [{"simpleText": {"text": answer}}],
+        },
+    }
+    if quick_replies:
+        response["template"]["quickReplies"] = quick_replies
+    return response
+
+
+@router.post("/skill/{tenant_slug}")
+async def kakao_skill(
+    tenant_slug: str,
+    body: KakaoSkillRequest,
+    request: Request,
+    db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db),
+):
+    utterance = body.userRequest.utterance
+    raw_user_id = (body.userRequest.user or {}).get("id", "anonymous")
+
+    masked_utterance = mask_text(utterance)
+    user_key = hash_user_key(raw_user_id)
+
+    action_params = (body.action or {}).get("params", {})
+    request_id = action_params.get("request_id") or str(uuid.uuid4())
+
+    # Idempotency 캐시 확인
+    redis_client = getattr(request.app.state, "redis", None)
+    if redis_client:
+        cache = IdempotencyCache(redis_client)
+        cached = await cache.get(tenant_slug, request_id)
+        if cached:
+            return build_kakao_response(cached.get("answer", ""), cached.get("doc_name"))
+
+    # 악성 감지
+    mod_service = ModerationService(db)
+    mod_result = await mod_service.check(tenant_slug, user_key)
+    if not mod_result.allowed:
+        answer = mod_result.message or "이용이 제한되었습니다. 운영자에게 문의해 주세요."
+        return build_kakao_response(answer)
+
+    # 라우터 실행
+    providers = getattr(request.app.state, "providers", {})
+    tenant_config = getattr(request.app.state, "tenant_configs", {}).get(
+        tenant_slug, settings.model_dump()
+    )
+    router_svc = ResponseRouter(tenant_config=tenant_config, providers=providers)
+    result = await router_svc.route(
+        tenant_id=tenant_slug,
+        utterance=utterance,
+        user_key=user_key,
+        request_id=request_id,
+        db=db,
+    )
+
+    if mod_result.message and mod_result.level == 1:
+        result.answer = f"{mod_result.message}\n\n{result.answer}"
+
+    # Idempotency 캐시 저장
+    if redis_client:
+        await cache.set(tenant_slug, request_id, result.to_dict())
+
+    # 민원 이력 저장
+    try:
+        await log_complaint(
+            db=db,
+            tenant_id=tenant_slug,
+            raw_utterance=utterance,
+            raw_user_id=raw_user_id,
+            result=result,
+            channel="kakao",
+        )
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+
+    return build_kakao_response(result.answer, result.doc_name)

backend/app/scripts/create_admin.py

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+"""
+관리자 계정 초기 생성 스크립트.
+사용법: python -m app.scripts.create_admin
+"""
+import asyncio
+import sys
+
+
+async def main():
+    print("=== SmartBot KR 관리자 계정 생성 ===\n")
+
+    tenant_id = input("테넌트 ID (예: dongducheon): ").strip()
+    if not tenant_id:
+        print("오류: 테넌트 ID를 입력하세요.")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    email = input("관리자 이메일: ").strip()
+    if not email:
+        print("오류: 이메일을 입력하세요.")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    import getpass
+    password = getpass.getpass("비밀번호 (8자 이상): ")
+    if len(password) < 8:
+        print("오류: 비밀번호는 8자 이상이어야 합니다.")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    from app.core.database import engine, Base
+    from app.models.tenant import Tenant, TenantConfig
+    from app.models.admin import AdminUser, AdminRole
+    from app.core.security import hash_password
+    from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+    from sqlalchemy import select
+    import uuid
+
+    async with engine.begin() as conn:
+        await conn.run_sync(Base.metadata.create_all)
+
+    async with AsyncSession(engine) as db:
+        # 테넌트 확인 / 생성
+        result = await db.execute(select(Tenant).where(Tenant.id == tenant_id))
+        tenant = result.scalar_one_or_none()
+        if not tenant:
+            tenant = Tenant(id=tenant_id, name=tenant_id, slug=tenant_id)
+            db.add(tenant)
+            await db.flush()
+            config = TenantConfig(
+                id=str(uuid.uuid4()),
+                tenant_id=tenant_id,
+                key="tenant_name",
+                value=tenant_id,
+            )
+            db.add(config)
+            print(f"테넌트 생성: {tenant_id}")
+
+        # 관리자 생성
+        result = await db.execute(
+            select(AdminUser).where(
+                AdminUser.tenant_id == tenant_id,
+                AdminUser.email == email,
+            )
+        )
+        existing = result.scalar_one_or_none()
+        if existing:
+            print(f"이미 존재하는 계정입니다: {email}")
+        else:
+            admin = AdminUser(
+                id=str(uuid.uuid4()),
+                tenant_id=tenant_id,
+                email=email,
+                hashed_pw=hash_password(password),
+                role=AdminRole.admin,
+            )
+            db.add(admin)
+            print(f"관리자 계정 생성: {email} (role: admin)")
+
+        await db.commit()
+
+    print("\n✅ 완료! 대시보드에서 로그인하세요.")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    asyncio.run(main())

backend/app/services/audit.py

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+"""
+감사 로그 기록 헬퍼.
+표준 action: faq.create|faq.update|faq.delete
+             doc.upload|doc.approve|doc.delete
+             user.restrict|user.unblock
+             crawler.approve|crawler.reject
+             config.update
+"""
+from typing import Optional
+
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+from app.models.audit import AuditLog
+
+
+async def log_action(
+    db: AsyncSession,
+    tenant_id: str,
+    actor_id: str,
+    actor_type: str,  # 'admin_user' | 'system_admin'
+    action: str,
+    target_type: Optional[str] = None,
+    target_id: Optional[str] = None,
+    diff: Optional[dict] = None,
+    ip_address: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> AuditLog:
+    entry = AuditLog(
+        tenant_id=tenant_id,
+        actor_id=actor_id,
+        actor_type=actor_type,
+        action=action,
+        target_type=target_type,
+        target_id=target_id,
+        diff=diff,
+        ip_address=ip_address,
+    )
+    db.add(entry)
+    await db.commit()
+    return entry

backend/app/services/complaint_logger.py

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+"""
+민원 이력 DB 저장.
+개인정보 원칙: utterance_masked(마스킹), user_key(SHA-256 해시 16자리).
+원문 미저장.
+"""
+from typing import Optional
+
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+from app.models.complaint import ComplaintLog
+from app.services.masking import mask_text, hash_user_key
+from app.services.routing import RoutingResult
+
+
+async def log_complaint(
+    db: AsyncSession,
+    tenant_id: str,
+    raw_utterance: str,
+    raw_user_id: str,
+    result: RoutingResult,
+    channel: str = "kakao",
+) -> ComplaintLog:
+    """
+    민원 이력을 ComplaintLog에 기록.
+    - utterance: 마스킹 후 저장
+    - user_key: SHA-256 해시 16자리
+    - 원문 미저장
+    """
+    entry = ComplaintLog(
+        tenant_id=tenant_id,
+        user_key=hash_user_key(raw_user_id),
+        utterance_masked=mask_text(raw_utterance)[:1000],
+        channel=channel,
+        request_id=result.request_id,
+        response_tier=result.tier,
+        response_source=result.source,
+        faq_id=result.faq_id,
+        doc_id=result.doc_id,
+        response_ms=result.elapsed_ms,
+        is_timeout=result.is_timeout,
+    )
+    db.add(entry)
+    await db.commit()
+    return entry

backend/app/services/crawler.py

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+"""
+웹 크롤러 — httpx + BeautifulSoup4.
+robots.txt 준수. CrawlerURL 기반.
+"""
+from typing import Optional
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+
+import httpx
+from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+from app.models.knowledge import CrawlerURL, Document
+
+
+CRAWLER_HEADERS = {
+    "User-Agent": "SmartBot-KR/1.0 (+https://github.com/sinmb79/Gov-chat-bot)",
+}
+CRAWL_TIMEOUT = 15  # 초
+
+
+async def check_robots_txt(base_url: str, target_path: str) -> bool:
+    """robots.txt 확인. 크롤링 허용 여부 반환."""
+    try:
+        from urllib.parse import urlparse
+        parsed = urlparse(base_url)
+        robots_url = f"{parsed.scheme}://{parsed.netloc}/robots.txt"
+        async with httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=5) as client:
+            resp = await client.get(robots_url, headers=CRAWLER_HEADERS)
+            if resp.status_code != 200:
+                return True  # robots.txt 없으면 허용으로 간주
+            content = resp.text.lower()
+            # 간단한 User-agent: * Disallow 체크
+            lines = content.splitlines()
+            in_block = False
+            for line in lines:
+                line = line.strip()
+                if line.startswith("user-agent:"):
+                    agent = line.split(":", 1)[1].strip()
+                    in_block = agent in ("*", "smartbot-kr")
+                elif in_block and line.startswith("disallow:"):
+                    disallowed = line.split(":", 1)[1].strip()
+                    if disallowed and target_path.startswith(disallowed):
+                        return False
+            return True
+    except Exception:
+        return True  # 확인 불가 시 허용
+
+
+async def crawl_url(url: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    """URL 크롤링 → 텍스트 추출. 실패 시 None."""
+    try:
+        from urllib.parse import urlparse
+        parsed = urlparse(url)
+        target_path = parsed.path or "/"
+
+        if not await check_robots_txt(url, target_path):
+            return None  # robots.txt 불허
+
+        async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+            timeout=CRAWL_TIMEOUT,
+            follow_redirects=True,
+            headers=CRAWLER_HEADERS,
+        ) as client:
+            resp = await client.get(url)
+            resp.raise_for_status()
+
+        content_type = resp.headers.get("content-type", "")
+        if "html" in content_type:
+            soup = BeautifulSoup(resp.content, "html.parser")
+            for tag in soup(["script", "style", "nav", "footer", "header"]):
+                tag.decompose()
+            return soup.get_text(separator="\n", strip=True)
+        else:
+            return resp.text
+
+    except Exception:
+        return None
+
+
+class CrawlerService:
+    def __init__(self, db: AsyncSession):
+        self.db = db
+
+    async def run(self, crawler_url: CrawlerURL, tenant_id: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """크롤러 URL 실행 → 텍스트 반환."""
+        text = await crawl_url(crawler_url.url)
+
+        # last_crawled 업데이트
+        crawler_url.last_crawled = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+        await self.db.commit()
+
+        return text

backend/app/services/document_processor.py

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+"""
+문서 처리 파이프라인:
+파싱 → 청킹 → 임베딩 → VectorDB 저장 → Document 레코드 업데이트
+"""
+from typing import Optional
+
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+from app.models.knowledge import Document
+from app.providers.embedding import EmbeddingProvider
+from app.providers.vectordb import VectorDBProvider
+from app.services.parsers.text_parser import extract_text, chunk_text
+
+
+class DocumentProcessor:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        embedding_provider: EmbeddingProvider,
+        vectordb_provider: VectorDBProvider,
+        db: AsyncSession,
+    ):
+        self.embedding = embedding_provider
+        self.vectordb = vectordb_provider
+        self.db = db
+
+    async def process(self, tenant_id: str, doc: Document, content: bytes) -> int:
+        """
+        문서를 파싱·청킹·임베딩하여 VectorDB에 저장.
+        chunk_count 반환. 실패 시 0.
+        """
+        # 1. 텍스트 추출
+        text = extract_text(content, doc.filename)
+        if not text or not text.strip():
+            doc.status = "parse_failed"
+            await self.db.commit()
+            return 0
+
+        # 2. 청킹
+        chunks = chunk_text(text)
+        if not chunks:
+            doc.status = "parse_failed"
+            await self.db.commit()
+            return 0
+
+        # 3. 임베딩
+        try:
+            embeddings = await self.embedding.embed(chunks)
+        except NotImplementedError:
+            doc.status = "embedding_unavailable"
+            await self.db.commit()
+            return 0
+        except Exception:
+            doc.status = "embedding_failed"
+            await self.db.commit()
+            return 0
+
+        # 4. 메타데이터 구성
+        published = doc.published_at.strftime("%Y.%m") if doc.published_at else ""
+        metadatas = [
+            {
+                "doc_id": doc.id,
+                "filename": doc.filename,
+                "chunk_idx": i,
+                "published_at": published,
+                "tenant_id": tenant_id,
+            }
+            for i in range(len(chunks))
+        ]
+
+        # 5. VectorDB 저장
+        await self.vectordb.upsert(
+            tenant_id=tenant_id,
+            doc_id=doc.id,
+            chunks=chunks,
+            embeddings=embeddings,
+            metadatas=metadatas,
+        )
+
+        # 6. Document 레코드 업데이트
+        doc.chunk_count = len(chunks)
+        doc.status = "processed"
+        await self.db.commit()
+
+        return len(chunks)
+
+    async def delete(self, tenant_id: str, doc_id: str) -> None:
+        """VectorDB에서 문서 청크 삭제."""
+        await self.vectordb.delete(tenant_id=tenant_id, doc_id=doc_id)

backend/app/services/faq_search.py

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from sqlalchemy import select
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+from app.models.knowledge import FAQ
+from app.providers.embedding import EmbeddingProvider
+from app.providers.vectordb import VectorDBProvider
+from app.providers.base import SearchResult
+
+FAQ_SIMILARITY_THRESHOLD = 0.85  # Tier A 기준
+
+
+class FAQSearchService:
+    """
+    Tier A — FAQ 임베딩 유사도 검색.
+    임베딩 유사도 ≥ 0.85 시 등록 FAQ 반환.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        embedding_provider: EmbeddingProvider,
+        vectordb_provider: VectorDBProvider,
+        db: AsyncSession,
+    ):
+        self.embedding = embedding_provider
+        self.vectordb = vectordb_provider
+        self.db = db
+
+    async def search(
+        self, tenant_id: str, utterance: str
+    ) -> Optional[tuple[FAQ, float]]:
+        """
+        발화를 임베딩 → 벡터DB 검색 → 0.85 이상이면 FAQ 반환.
+        없으면 None.
+        """
+        try:
+            vecs = await self.embedding.embed([utterance])
+        except NotImplementedError:
+            return None
+
+        query_vec = vecs[0]
+        results = await self.vectordb.search(
+            tenant_id=tenant_id,
+            query_vec=query_vec,
+            top_k=1,
+            threshold=FAQ_SIMILARITY_THRESHOLD,
+        )
+
+        if not results:
+            return None
+
+        top: SearchResult = results[0]
+        faq_id = top.metadata.get("faq_id")
+        if not faq_id:
+            return None
+
+        faq = await self._load_faq(tenant_id, faq_id)
+        if faq is None:
+            return None
+
+        return faq, top.score
+
+    async def _load_faq(self, tenant_id: str, faq_id: str) -> Optional[FAQ]:
+        result = await self.db.execute(
+            select(FAQ).where(
+                FAQ.tenant_id == tenant_id,
+                FAQ.id == faq_id,
+                FAQ.is_active.is_(True),
+            )
+        )
+        return result.scalar_one_or_none()
+
+    async def increment_hit(self, faq_id: str) -> None:
+        """FAQ hit_count 증가."""
+        faq = await self.db.get(FAQ, faq_id)
+        if faq:
+            faq.hit_count = (faq.hit_count or 0) + 1
+            await self.db.commit()
+
+    async def index_faq(self, tenant_id: str, faq: FAQ) -> None:
+        """FAQ를 벡터DB에 색인."""
+        text = f"{faq.question}\n{faq.answer}"
+        try:
+            vecs = await self.embedding.embed([text])
+        except NotImplementedError:
+            return
+        await self.vectordb.upsert(
+            tenant_id=tenant_id,
+            doc_id=faq.id,
+            chunks=[text],
+            embeddings=vecs,
+            metadatas=[{"faq_id": faq.id, "question": faq.question}],
+        )

backend/app/services/idempotency.py

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import json
+from typing import Optional
+
+
+class IdempotencyCache:
+    def __init__(self, redis_client):
+        self.redis = redis_client
+        self.ttl = 60  # 기본 TTL (Phase 0B에서 settings로 교체 예정)
+
+    def _key(self, tenant_id: str, request_id: str) -> str:
+        return f"idempotency:{tenant_id}:{request_id}"
+
+    async def get(self, tenant_id: str, request_id: Optional[str]) -> Optional[dict]:
+        if request_id is None:
+            return None
+        raw = await self.redis.get(self._key(tenant_id, request_id))
+        if raw is None:
+            return None
+        return json.loads(raw)
+
+    async def set(self, tenant_id: str, request_id: Optional[str], result_dict: dict) -> None:
+        if request_id is None:
+            return
+        await self.redis.setex(
+            self._key(tenant_id, request_id),
+            self.ttl,
+            json.dumps(result_dict),
+        )

backend/app/services/masking.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import hashlib
+import re
+
+# 마스킹 패턴 정의
+_PATTERNS = [
+    # 주민등록번호: 6자리-1~4자리+6자리 (숫자 금액과 구분: 앞에 비숫자 또는 시작, 뒤에 비숫자 또는 끝)
+    (re.compile(r"(?<!\d)\d{6}-[1-4]\d{6}(?!\d)"), "######-*######"),
+    # 전화번호: 010-1234-5678 형식
+    (re.compile(r"0\d{1,2}-\d{3,4}-\d{4}"), "***-****-****"),
+    # 이메일
+    (re.compile(r"[\w._%+\-]+@[\w.\-]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}"), "***@***.***"),
+    # 카드번호: 4자리씩 4그룹
+    (re.compile(r"\d{4}[- ]?\d{4}[- ]?\d{4}[- ]?\d{4}"), "****-****-****-****"),
+]
+
+
+def mask_text(text: str) -> str:
+    """텍스트에서 개인정보 패턴을 마스킹하여 반환."""
+    for pattern, replacement in _PATTERNS:
+        text = pattern.sub(replacement, text)
+    return text
+
+
+def hash_user_key(kakao_id: str) -> str:
+    """SHA-256 해시 앞 16자리 반환."""
+    return hashlib.sha256(kakao_id.encode()).hexdigest()[:16]
+
+
+def has_sensitive_data(text: str) -> bool:
+    """텍스트에 개인정보 패턴이 포함되어 있으면 True."""
+    for pattern, _ in _PATTERNS:
+        if pattern.search(text):
+            return True
+    return False

backend/app/services/metrics.py

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+import json
+from typing import Optional
+
+from app.services.routing import RoutingResult
+
+METRIC_KEYS = [
+    "total_count",
+    "faq_hit_count",
+    "rag_hit_count",
+    "llm_hit_count",
+    "fallback_count",
+    "timeout_count",
+    "response_ms_sum",
+    "blocked_attempts",
+]
+
+P95_SORTED_SET = "response_ms_p95_buf"
+P95_MAX_SIZE = 10000
+
+_SOURCE_TO_KEY = {
+    "faq": "faq_hit_count",
+    "rag": "rag_hit_count",
+    "llm": "llm_hit_count",
+    "fallback": "fallback_count",
+}
+
+
+class MetricsCollector:
+    def __init__(self, redis_client):
+        self.redis = redis_client
+
+    def _prefix(self, tenant_id: str) -> str:
+        return f"tenant:{tenant_id}:metrics"
+
+    def _p95_key(self, tenant_id: str) -> str:
+        return f"tenant:{tenant_id}:{P95_SORTED_SET}"
+
+    async def record(self, tenant_id: str, result: RoutingResult) -> None:
+        prefix = self._prefix(tenant_id)
+        p95_key = self._p95_key(tenant_id)
+
+        pipe = self.redis.pipeline()
+        pipe.hincrby(prefix, "total_count", 1)
+
+        source_key = _SOURCE_TO_KEY.get(result.source)
+        if source_key:
+            pipe.hincrby(prefix, source_key, 1)
+
+        if result.is_timeout:
+            pipe.hincrby(prefix, "timeout_count", 1)
+
+        pipe.hincrby(prefix, "response_ms_sum", result.elapsed_ms)
+
+        # p95 sorted set — score=elapsed_ms, member=unique id
+        import time
+        member = f"{time.time_ns()}"
+        pipe.zadd(p95_key, {member: result.elapsed_ms})
+        pipe.zremrangebyrank(p95_key, 0, -(P95_MAX_SIZE + 1))
+
+        await pipe.execute()
+
+    async def get_overview(self, tenant_id: str) -> dict:
+        prefix = self._prefix(tenant_id)
+        p95_key = self._p95_key(tenant_id)
+
+        raw = await self.redis.hgetall(prefix)
+        counts = {k: int(v) for k, v in raw.items()} if raw else {}
+
+        total = counts.get("total_count", 0)
+        avg_ms = counts.get("response_ms_sum", 0) // max(total, 1)
+
+        # p95 계산
+        p95_ms = 0
+        buf_size = await self.redis.zcard(p95_key)
+        if buf_size > 0:
+            p95_idx = max(0, int(buf_size * 0.95) - 1)
+            p95_items = await self.redis.zrange(p95_key, p95_idx, p95_idx, withscores=True)
+            if p95_items:
+                p95_ms = int(p95_items[0][1])
+
+        rates = {}
+        if total > 0:
+            rates["faq_hit_rate"] = round(counts.get("faq_hit_count", 0) / total * 100, 2)
+            rates["rag_hit_rate"] = round(counts.get("rag_hit_count", 0) / total * 100, 2)
+            rates["fallback_rate"] = round(counts.get("fallback_count", 0) / total * 100, 2)
+            rates["timeout_rate"] = round(counts.get("timeout_count", 0) / total * 100, 2)
+        else:
+            rates = {"faq_hit_rate": 0.0, "rag_hit_rate": 0.0, "fallback_rate": 0.0, "timeout_rate": 0.0}
+
+        return {
+            "counts": counts,
+            "rates": rates,
+            "avg_ms": avg_ms,
+            "p95_ms": p95_ms,
+        }

backend/app/services/moderation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+"""
+악성·반복 민원 제한 서비스.
+
+Level  상태         자동 조치              해제
+0      정상         없음                   자동
+1      주의         경고 메시지            자동
+2      경고         30초 응답 지연         자동 24h
+3      제한         10회/일 제한           자동 72h
+4      임시 차단    24시간 차단            편집장 수동 확인 필요
+5      영구 제한    차단 유지              편집장 수동 해제만
+
+원칙: 자동 영구 차단 없음. Level 4+ 는 편집장 수동 확인.
+"""
+import asyncio
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
+from typing import Optional
+
+from sqlalchemy import select
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+from app.models.moderation import UserRestriction, RestrictionLevel
+
+# 레벨별 자동 만료 시간
+LEVEL_EXPIRY = {
+    RestrictionLevel.WARNING: timedelta(hours=24),
+    RestrictionLevel.LIMITED: timedelta(hours=72),
+    RestrictionLevel.SUSPENDED: timedelta(hours=24),  # 편집장 확인 전 임시
+}
+
+# 레벨 3 일별 제한 횟수
+DAILY_LIMIT = 10
+
+# 레벨 1 경고 메시지
+WARNING_MESSAGE = "⚠️ 동일 문의가 반복되고 있습니다. 잠시 후 다시 시도해 주세요."
+
+
+class ModerationResult:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        allowed: bool,
+        level: int = 0,
+        message: Optional[str] = None,
+        delay_seconds: int = 0,
+    ):
+        self.allowed = allowed
+        self.level = level
+        self.message = message  # 경고 메시지 (Level 1)
+        self.delay_seconds = delay_seconds  # 응답 지연 (Level 2)
+
+
+class ModerationService:
+    def __init__(self, db: AsyncSession):
+        self.db = db
+
+    async def check(self, tenant_id: str, user_key: str) -> ModerationResult:
+        """
+        user_key의 제한 레벨 확인.
+        만료된 제한은 자동 해제.
+        """
+        restriction = await self._get_restriction(tenant_id, user_key)
+
+        if restriction is None:
+            return ModerationResult(allowed=True, level=0)
+
+        # 만료 확인
+        if restriction.expires_at and restriction.expires_at < datetime.now(timezone.utc):
+            if restriction.level < RestrictionLevel.SUSPENDED:
+                await self._reset(restriction)
+                return ModerationResult(allowed=True, level=0)
+
+        level = restriction.level
+
+        if level == RestrictionLevel.BLOCKED:
+            return ModerationResult(allowed=False, level=level)
+
+        if level == RestrictionLevel.SUSPENDED:
+            # Level 4: 편집장 확인 전 차단
+            return ModerationResult(allowed=False, level=level)
+
+        if level == RestrictionLevel.LIMITED:
+            # Level 3: 일별 10회 제한 (Redis 카운터 없이 단순 차단)
+            return ModerationResult(
+                allowed=False,
+                level=level,
+                message="일일 문의 한도에 도달했습니다. 내일 다시 시도해 주세요.",
+            )
+
+        if level == RestrictionLevel.WARNING:
+            # Level 2: 30초 지연
+            return ModerationResult(
+                allowed=True,
+                level=level,
+                delay_seconds=30,
+                message="요청이 지연되고 있습니다.",
+            )
+
+        if level == RestrictionLevel.NORMAL + 1:  # Level 1 (WARNING 사용하기 전 단계는 없으므로 1 = 주의)
+            return ModerationResult(
+                allowed=True,
+                level=level,
+                message=WARNING_MESSAGE,
+            )
+
+        return ModerationResult(allowed=True, level=level)
+
+    async def escalate(
+        self,
+        tenant_id: str,
+        user_key: str,
+        reason: str = "자동 감지",
+    ) -> int:
+        """
+        레벨 1단계 상승. Level 4+ 는 편집장 수동 확인.
+        반환: 새 레벨.
+        """
+        restriction = await self._get_restriction(tenant_id, user_key)
+
+        if restriction is None:
+            restriction = UserRestriction(
+                tenant_id=tenant_id,
+                user_key=user_key,
+                level=RestrictionLevel.NORMAL,
+                auto_applied=True,
+            )
+            self.db.add(restriction)
+
+        current = restriction.level
+        if current >= RestrictionLevel.SUSPENDED:
+            # Level 4+ 는 자동 상승 금지
+            return current
+
+        new_level = min(current + 1, RestrictionLevel.SUSPENDED)
+        restriction.level = new_level
+        restriction.reason = reason
+        restriction.auto_applied = True
+
+        # 만료 시간 설정
+        expiry_delta = LEVEL_EXPIRY.get(new_level)
+        if expiry_delta:
+            restriction.expires_at = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expiry_delta
+        else:
+            restriction.expires_at = None
+
+        await self.db.commit()
+        return new_level
+
+    async def release(
+        self,
+        tenant_id: str,
+        user_key: str,
+        applied_by: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        """수동 해제 (편집장 이상)."""
+        restriction = await self._get_restriction(tenant_id, user_key)
+        if restriction:
+            await self._reset(restriction, applied_by=applied_by)
+
+    async def _get_restriction(
+        self, tenant_id: str, user_key: str
+    ) -> Optional[UserRestriction]:
+        result = await self.db.execute(
+            select(UserRestriction).where(
+                UserRestriction.tenant_id == tenant_id,
+                UserRestriction.user_key == user_key,
+            )
+        )
+        return result.scalar_one_or_none()
+
+    async def _reset(self, restriction: UserRestriction, applied_by: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+        restriction.level = RestrictionLevel.NORMAL
+        restriction.expires_at = None
+        restriction.auto_applied = applied_by is None
+        if applied_by:
+            restriction.applied_by = applied_by
+        await self.db.commit()

backend/app/services/parsers/text_parser.py

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+"""
+문서 파서 — 1차 정식 지원 형식:
+TXT · MD · DOCX · 텍스트 PDF · HTML
+"""
+import io
+from typing import Optional
+
+
+def parse_txt(content: bytes, encoding: str = "utf-8") -> str:
+    return content.decode(encoding, errors="replace")
+
+
+def parse_md(content: bytes) -> str:
+    return content.decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
+
+
+def parse_html(content: bytes) -> str:
+    from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
+    soup = BeautifulSoup(content, "html.parser")
+    # script/style 제거
+    for tag in soup(["script", "style"]):
+        tag.decompose()
+    return soup.get_text(separator="\n", strip=True)
+
+
+def parse_docx(content: bytes) -> str:
+    from docx import Document
+    doc = Document(io.BytesIO(content))
+    return "\n".join(p.text for p in doc.paragraphs if p.text.strip())
+
+
+def parse_pdf(content: bytes) -> str:
+    try:
+        import pdfplumber
+        with pdfplumber.open(io.BytesIO(content)) as pdf:
+            pages = []
+            for page in pdf.pages:
+                text = page.extract_text()
+                if text:
+                    pages.append(text)
+            return "\n".join(pages)
+    except Exception:
+        return ""
+
+
+PARSERS = {
+    "txt": parse_txt,
+    "md": parse_md,
+    "html": parse_html,
+    "htm": parse_html,
+    "docx": parse_docx,
+    "pdf": parse_pdf,
+}
+
+
+def extract_text(content: bytes, filename: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    """파일 확장자에 따라 적절한 파서 선택."""
+    ext = filename.rsplit(".", 1)[-1].lower() if "." in filename else ""
+    parser = PARSERS.get(ext)
+    if not parser:
+        return None
+    try:
+        return parser(content)
+    except Exception:
+        return None
+
+
+def chunk_text(text: str, chunk_size: int = 500, overlap: int = 50) -> list[str]:
+    """
+    문단 단위 청킹 (약 chunk_size 토큰).
+    overlap: 이전 청크 끝 글자를 다음 청크 시작에 포함.
+    """
+    paragraphs = [p.strip() for p in text.split("\n") if p.strip()]
+    chunks = []
+    current = []
+    current_len = 0
+
+    for para in paragraphs:
+        para_len = len(para)
+        if current_len + para_len > chunk_size and current:
+            chunk_text_ = "\n".join(current)
+            chunks.append(chunk_text_)
+            # overlap: 마지막 문단 유지
+            if overlap > 0 and current:
+                current = [current[-1]]
+                current_len = len(current[-1])
+            else:
+                current = []
+                current_len = 0
+        current.append(para)
+        current_len += para_len
+
+    if current:
+        chunks.append("\n".join(current))
+
+    return chunks if chunks else [text[:chunk_size]]

backend/app/services/rag_search.py

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+"""
+Tier B — RAG 검색.
+임베딩 유사도 ≥ 0.70 + 근거 문서 존재 → 문서 기반 템플릿 응답.
+"""
+from typing import Optional
+
+from sqlalchemy import select
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+from app.models.knowledge import Document
+from app.providers.base import SearchResult
+from app.providers.embedding import EmbeddingProvider
+from app.providers.vectordb import VectorDBProvider
+
+RAG_SIMILARITY_THRESHOLD = 0.70  # Tier B 기준
+
+
+class RAGSearchResult:
+    def __init__(self, chunk_text: str, doc: Document, score: float):
+        self.chunk_text = chunk_text
+        self.doc = doc
+        self.score = score
+
+    @property
+    def doc_name(self) -> str:
+        return self.doc.filename
+
+    @property
+    def doc_date(self) -> str:
+        if self.doc.published_at:
+            return self.doc.published_at.strftime("%Y.%m")
+        return ""
+
+
+class RAGSearchService:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        embedding_provider: EmbeddingProvider,
+        vectordb_provider: VectorDBProvider,
+        db: AsyncSession,
+    ):
+        self.embedding = embedding_provider
+        self.vectordb = vectordb_provider
+        self.db = db
+
+    async def search(
+        self, tenant_id: str, utterance: str, top_k: int = 3
+    ) -> Optional[list[RAGSearchResult]]:
+        """
+        발화를 임베딩 → 벡터DB 검색 → 0.70 이상 문서 청크 반환.
+        결과 없으면 None.
+        """
+        try:
+            vecs = await self.embedding.embed([utterance])
+        except NotImplementedError:
+            return None
+
+        query_vec = vecs[0]
+        results = await self.vectordb.search(
+            tenant_id=tenant_id,
+            query_vec=query_vec,
+            top_k=top_k,
+            threshold=RAG_SIMILARITY_THRESHOLD,
+        )
+
+        if not results:
+            return None
+
+        # 중복 doc_id 제거 (같은 문서의 여러 청크 중 최고 점수만)
+        seen_docs: dict[str, SearchResult] = {}
+        for r in results:
+            doc_id = r.metadata.get("doc_id", r.doc_id.rsplit("_", 1)[0])
+            if doc_id not in seen_docs or r.score > seen_docs[doc_id].score:
+                seen_docs[doc_id] = r
+
+        # Document 레코드 로드 (is_active=True만)
+        rag_results = []
+        for doc_id, sr in seen_docs.items():
+            doc = await self._load_doc(tenant_id, doc_id)
+            if doc:
+                rag_results.append(RAGSearchResult(sr.text, doc, sr.score))
+
+        return rag_results if rag_results else None
+
+    async def _load_doc(self, tenant_id: str, doc_id: str) -> Optional[Document]:
+        result = await self.db.execute(
+            select(Document).where(
+                Document.tenant_id == tenant_id,
+                Document.id == doc_id,
+                Document.is_active.is_(True),
+            )
+        )
+        return result.scalar_one_or_none()
+
+    def build_answer(self, utterance: str, rag_results: list[RAGSearchResult]) -> str:
+        """
+        문서 기반 템플릿 응답 생성.
+        출처 2단계 포맷 (간단형).
+        """
+        # 근거 문단 합치기 (최대 2개)
+        contexts = [r.chunk_text[:300] for r in rag_results[:2]]
+        context_str = "\n---\n".join(contexts)
+
+        best = rag_results[0]
+        citation = f"📎 출처: {best.doc_name}"
+        if best.doc_date:
+            citation += f" ({best.doc_date})"
+
+        return f"{context_str}\n\n{citation}"

backend/app/services/routing.py

@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+import asyncio
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Optional
+
+
+@dataclass
+class RoutingResult:
+    answer: str
+    tier: str  # 'A'|'B'|'C'|'D'
+    source: str  # 'faq'|'rag'|'llm'|'fallback'
+    faq_id: Optional[str] = None
+    doc_id: Optional[str] = None
+    doc_name: Optional[str] = None
+    doc_date: Optional[str] = None
+    score: float = 0.0
+    elapsed_ms: int = 0
+    is_timeout: bool = False
+    request_id: Optional[str] = None
+
+    def to_dict(self) -> dict:
+        citations = []
+        if self.doc_name:
+            citations.append({"doc": self.doc_name, "date": self.doc_date or ""})
+        return {
+            "answer": self.answer,
+            "tier": self.tier,
+            "source": self.source,
+            "faq_id": self.faq_id,
+            "doc_id": self.doc_id,
+            "score": self.score,
+            "elapsed_ms": self.elapsed_ms,
+            "is_timeout": self.is_timeout,
+            "request_id": self.request_id,
+            "citations": citations,
+        }
+
+
+class ResponseRouter:
+    TIMEOUT_MS = 4500  # 4.5초 — 카카오 5초 한계 - 500ms
+
+    def __init__(self, tenant_config: dict, providers: dict):
+        self.tenant_config = tenant_config
+        self.providers = providers
+
+    async def route(
+        self,
+        tenant_id: str,
+        utterance: str,
+        user_key: str,
+        request_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        db=None,
+    ) -> RoutingResult:
+        import time
+        start = time.monotonic()
+        try:
+            return await asyncio.wait_for(
+                self._try_tiers(tenant_id, utterance, user_key, request_id, db, start),
+                timeout=self.TIMEOUT_MS / 1000,
+            )
+        except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+            elapsed = int((time.monotonic() - start) * 1000)
+            return self._tier_d(tenant_id, elapsed, is_timeout=True, request_id=request_id)
+
+    async def _try_tiers(
+        self,
+        tenant_id: str,
+        utterance: str,
+        user_key: str,
+        request_id: Optional[str],
+        db,
+        start: float,
+    ) -> RoutingResult:
+        import time
+
+        # Tier A — FAQ 임베딩 유사도 검색
+        tier_a = await self._try_tier_a(tenant_id, utterance, db)
+        if tier_a is not None:
+            tier_a.elapsed_ms = int((time.monotonic() - start) * 1000)
+            tier_a.request_id = request_id
+            return tier_a
+
+        # Tier C — LLM 기반 재서술 (RAG 근거 있음 + LLM 활성화)
+        # Tier B보다 먼저 시도: LLM 활성 시 템플릿 대신 재서술
+        tier_c = await self._try_tier_c(tenant_id, utterance, db)
+        if tier_c is not None:
+            tier_c.elapsed_ms = int((time.monotonic() - start) * 1000)
+            tier_c.request_id = request_id
+            return tier_c
+
+        # Tier B — RAG 문서 검색 (LLM 비활성 또는 Tier C 실패 시)
+        tier_b = await self._try_tier_b(tenant_id, utterance, db)
+        if tier_b is not None:
+            tier_b.elapsed_ms = int((time.monotonic() - start) * 1000)
+            tier_b.request_id = request_id
+            return tier_b
+
+        elapsed = int((time.monotonic() - start) * 1000)
+        return self._tier_d(tenant_id, elapsed, request_id=request_id)
+
+    async def _try_tier_a(self, tenant_id: str, utterance: str, db) -> Optional[RoutingResult]:
+        """Tier A — FAQ 임베딩 유사도 ≥ 0.85."""
+        embedding_provider = self.providers.get("embedding")
+        vectordb_provider = self.providers.get("vectordb")
+
+        if embedding_provider is None or vectordb_provider is None or db is None:
+            return None
+
+        from app.services.faq_search import FAQSearchService
+        service = FAQSearchService(embedding_provider, vectordb_provider, db)
+        match = await service.search(tenant_id, utterance)
+
+        if match is None:
+            return None
+
+        faq, score = match
+        # hit_count 비동기 증가 (fire-and-forget)
+        await service.increment_hit(faq.id)
+
+        citation_date = (
+            faq.updated_at.strftime("%Y.%m") if faq.updated_at else ""
+        )
+
+        return RoutingResult(
+            answer=faq.answer,
+            tier="A",
+            source="faq",
+            faq_id=faq.id,
+            doc_name=f"FAQ: {faq.question[:30]}",
+            doc_date=citation_date,
+            score=score,
+        )
+
+    async def _try_tier_c(self, tenant_id: str, utterance: str, db) -> Optional[RoutingResult]:
+        """Tier C — RAG 근거 있음 + LLM 활성화 → 근거 기반 재서술."""
+        llm_provider = self.providers.get("llm")
+        embedding_provider = self.providers.get("embedding")
+        vectordb_provider = self.providers.get("vectordb")
+
+        if llm_provider is None or embedding_provider is None or vectordb_provider is None or db is None:
+            return None
+
+        # NullLLMProvider → None 즉시 반환
+        from app.providers.llm import NullLLMProvider
+        if isinstance(llm_provider, NullLLMProvider):
+            return None
+
+        # RAG 검색 (Tier B와 동일 임계값)
+        from app.services.rag_search import RAGSearchService
+        rag_service = RAGSearchService(embedding_provider, vectordb_provider, db)
+        rag_results = await rag_service.search(tenant_id, utterance)
+
+        if not rag_results:
+            return None  # 근거 없으면 LLM 미호출 (P6 할루시네이션 방지)
+
+        # 근거 기반 LLM 재서술
+        context_chunks = [r.chunk_text for r in rag_results[:3]]
+        context_str = "\n---\n".join(context_chunks)
+        tenant_name = self.tenant_config.get("tenant_name", "")
+        name_prefix = f"{tenant_name}의 " if tenant_name else ""
+
+        system_prompt = (
+            f"당신은 {name_prefix}AI 안내 도우미입니다.\n"
+            f"반드시 아래 근거 문서의 내용만을 바탕으로 답변하세요.\n"
+            f"근거 없는 내용은 절대 추측하지 마세요.\n\n"
+            f"근거 문서:\n{context_str}"
+        )
+
+        answer = await llm_provider.generate(
+            system_prompt=system_prompt,
+            user_message=utterance,
+            context_chunks=context_chunks,
+        )
+
+        if answer is None:
+            return None  # LLM 실패 → Tier D로 폴백
+
+        best = rag_results[0]
+        return RoutingResult(
+            answer=answer,
+            tier="C",
+            source="llm",
+            doc_id=best.doc.id,
+            doc_name=best.doc_name,
+            doc_date=best.doc_date,
+            score=best.score,
+        )
+
+    async def _try_tier_b(self, tenant_id: str, utterance: str, db) -> Optional[RoutingResult]:
+        """Tier B — RAG 유사도 ≥ 0.70 + 근거 문서 존재."""
+        embedding_provider = self.providers.get("embedding")
+        vectordb_provider = self.providers.get("vectordb")
+
+        if embedding_provider is None or vectordb_provider is None or db is None:
+            return None
+
+        from app.services.rag_search import RAGSearchService
+        service = RAGSearchService(embedding_provider, vectordb_provider, db)
+        results = await service.search(tenant_id, utterance)
+
+        if not results:
+            return None
+
+        best = results[0]
+        answer = service.build_answer(utterance, results)
+
+        return RoutingResult(
+            answer=answer,
+            tier="B",
+            source="rag",
+            doc_id=best.doc.id,
+            doc_name=best.doc_name,
+            doc_date=best.doc_date,
+            score=best.score,
+        )
+
+    def _tier_d(
+        self,
+        tenant_id: str,
+        elapsed_ms: int,
+        is_timeout: bool = False,
+        request_id: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> RoutingResult:
+        # DB 조회 없이 tenant_config 메모리에서 직접 읽음 (~5ms)
+        phone = self.tenant_config.get("phone_number", "")
+        contact = self.tenant_config.get("fallback_dept", "")
+        name = self.tenant_config.get("tenant_name", "")
+
+        if phone and contact:
+            answer = f"해당 문의는 {name} {contact}({phone})로 연락해 주세요."
+        elif phone:
+            answer = f"해당 문의는 {name}({phone})로 연락해 주세요." if name else f"해당 문의는 {phone}로 연락해 주세요."
+        elif name:
+            answer = f"죄송합니다. {name}에 직접 문의해 주세요."
+        else:
+            answer = "죄송합니다. 해당 내용을 찾을 수 없습니다. 담당자에게 직접 문의해 주세요."
+        return RoutingResult(
+            answer=answer,
+            tier="D",
+            source="fallback",
+            elapsed_ms=elapsed_ms,
+            is_timeout=is_timeout,
+            request_id=request_id,
+        )

backend/pytest.ini

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[pytest]
+asyncio_mode = auto

backend/requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+fastapi==0.115.0
+uvicorn[standard]==0.30.6
+pydantic==2.8.2
+pydantic-settings==2.4.0
+sqlalchemy[asyncio]==2.0.35
+pytest==8.3.3
+pytest-asyncio==0.24.0
+httpx==0.27.2
+aiosqlite==0.20.0
+asyncpg==0.29.0
+alembic==1.13.2
+redis[asyncio]==5.1.1
+bcrypt==4.2.0
+pyjwt==2.9.0
+python-multipart==0.0.9
+sentence-transformers==3.1.1
+chromadb==0.5.18
+beautifulsoup4==4.12.3
+python-docx==1.1.2
+pdfplumber==0.11.4

backend/tests/conftest.py

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import pytest
+import pytest_asyncio
+from httpx import AsyncClient, ASGITransport
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession, create_async_engine
+from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
+
+from app.core.database import Base, get_db
+from app.main import app
+
+# 모든 모델을 명시적으로 임포트하여 Base.metadata에 등록 (FK 순서 보장)
+from app.models import tenant as _m1       # noqa: F401
+from app.models import admin as _m2        # noqa: F401
+from app.models import knowledge as _m3   # noqa: F401
+from app.models import complaint as _m4   # noqa: F401
+from app.models import moderation as _m5  # noqa: F401
+from app.models import audit as _m6       # noqa: F401
+
+TEST_DATABASE_URL = "sqlite+aiosqlite:///:memory:"
+
+
+@pytest_asyncio.fixture(scope="function")
+async def db_engine():
+    engine = create_async_engine(TEST_DATABASE_URL, echo=False)
+    async with engine.begin() as conn:
+        await conn.run_sync(Base.metadata.create_all)
+    yield engine
+    async with engine.begin() as conn:
+        await conn.run_sync(Base.metadata.drop_all)
+    await engine.dispose()
+
+
+@pytest_asyncio.fixture(scope="function")
+async def db_session(db_engine):
+    async_session = sessionmaker(db_engine, class_=AsyncSession, expire_on_commit=False)
+    async with async_session() as session:
+        yield session
+
+
+@pytest_asyncio.fixture(scope="function")
+async def client(db_engine):
+    async_session = sessionmaker(db_engine, class_=AsyncSession, expire_on_commit=False)
+
+    async def override_get_db():
+        async with async_session() as session:
+            yield session
+
+    app.dependency_overrides[get_db] = override_get_db
+
+    async with AsyncClient(
+        transport=ASGITransport(app=app), base_url="http://test"
+    ) as ac:
+        # app 참조를 client에 노출 (테스트에서 app.state 패치 용도)
+        ac.app = app
+        yield ac
+
+    app.dependency_overrides.clear()

backend/tests/test_admin_auth.py

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+"""
+관리자 인증 API 테스트.
+POST /api/admin/auth/login
+"""
+import pytest
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock
+from uuid import uuid4
+
+from app.models.admin import AdminUser, AdminRole
+from app.core.security import hash_password
+
+
+def make_user(tenant_id: str = "t1", email: str = "admin@test.com") -> AdminUser:
+    user = AdminUser()
+    user.id = str(uuid4())
+    user.tenant_id = tenant_id
+    user.email = email
+    user.hashed_pw = hash_password("secret123")
+    user.role = AdminRole.admin
+    user.is_active = True
+    return user
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_login_success(client):
+    """올바른 자격증명 → access_token + role 반환."""
+    user = make_user()
+
+    mock_result = MagicMock()
+    mock_result.scalar_one_or_none = MagicMock(return_value=user)
+
+    from app.core.database import get_db
+
+    async def override_db():
+        db = AsyncMock()
+        db.execute = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_result)
+        yield db
+
+    client.app.dependency_overrides[get_db] = override_db
+
+    try:
+        res = await client.post("/api/admin/auth/login", json={
+            "tenant_id": user.tenant_id,
+            "email": user.email,
+            "password": "secret123",
+        })
+        assert res.status_code == 200
+        data = res.json()
+        assert "access_token" in data
+        assert data["token_type"] == "bearer"
+        assert data["role"] == "admin"
+    finally:
+        client.app.dependency_overrides.pop(get_db, None)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_login_wrong_password(client):
+    """틀린 비밀번호 → 401."""
+    user = make_user()
+
+    mock_result = MagicMock()
+    mock_result.scalar_one_or_none = MagicMock(return_value=user)
+
+    from app.core.database import get_db
+
+    async def override_db():
+        db = AsyncMock()
+        db.execute = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_result)
+        yield db
+
+    client.app.dependency_overrides[get_db] = override_db
+
+    try:
+        res = await client.post("/api/admin/auth/login", json={
+            "tenant_id": user.tenant_id,
+            "email": user.email,
+            "password": "wrong-password",
+        })
+        assert res.status_code == 401
+    finally:
+        client.app.dependency_overrides.pop(get_db, None)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_login_user_not_found(client):
+    """존재하지 않는 사용자 → 401."""
+    mock_result = MagicMock()
+    mock_result.scalar_one_or_none = MagicMock(return_value=None)
+
+    from app.core.database import get_db
+
+    async def override_db():
+        db = AsyncMock()
+        db.execute = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_result)
+        yield db
+
+    client.app.dependency_overrides[get_db] = override_db
+
+    try:
+        res = await client.post("/api/admin/auth/login", json={
+            "tenant_id": "nonexistent",
+            "email": "nobody@test.com",
+            "password": "any",
+        })
+        assert res.status_code == 401
+    finally:
+        client.app.dependency_overrides.pop(get_db, None)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_login_missing_fields(client):
+    """필수 필드 누락 → 422."""
+    res = await client.post("/api/admin/auth/login", json={"email": "x@x.com"})
+    assert res.status_code == 422

backend/tests/test_admin_metrics.py

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+"""
+메트릭 조회 API 테스트.
+GET /api/admin/metrics
+"""
+import pytest
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock
+from uuid import uuid4
+
+from app.models.admin import AdminUser, AdminRole
+from app.core.security import create_admin_token, hash_password
+
+
+def make_user(tenant_id: str = "t1") -> AdminUser:
+    user = AdminUser()
+    user.id = str(uuid4())
+    user.tenant_id = tenant_id
+    user.email = "admin@test.com"
+    user.hashed_pw = hash_password("pw")
+    user.role = AdminRole.admin
+    user.is_active = True
+    return user
+
+
+def auth_headers(user: AdminUser) -> dict:
+    token = create_admin_token(user.id, user.tenant_id, user.role.value)
+    return {"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_metrics_no_auth_returns_401(client):
+    """인증 없이 접근 → 401."""
+    res = await client.get("/api/admin/metrics")
+    assert res.status_code == 401
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_metrics_db_fallback(client):
+    """Redis 없을 때 DB 집계로 메트릭 반환."""
+    user = make_user()
+
+    call_count = 0
+
+    async def fake_execute(query):
+        nonlocal call_count
+        call_count += 1
+        mock = MagicMock()
+        if call_count == 1:
+            # get_current_admin: AdminUser 조회
+            mock.scalar_one_or_none = MagicMock(return_value=user)
+            return mock
+        sql = str(query)
+        if "response_tier" in sql or "group_by" in sql.lower():
+            mock.all = MagicMock(return_value=[("A", 5), ("B", 3), ("D", 2)])
+        elif "is_timeout" in sql:
+            mock.scalar = MagicMock(return_value=1)
+        else:
+            mock.scalar = MagicMock(return_value=10)
+        return mock
+
+    from app.core.database import get_db
+
+    async def override_db():
+        db = AsyncMock()
+        db.execute = AsyncMock(side_effect=fake_execute)
+        yield db
+
+    client.app.dependency_overrides[get_db] = override_db
+    client.app.state.redis = None
+
+    try:
+        res = await client.get("/api/admin/metrics", headers=auth_headers(user))
+        assert res.status_code == 200
+        data = res.json()
+        assert "total_count" in data
+        assert "tier_counts" in data
+        assert "timeout_count" in data
+        assert set(data["tier_counts"].keys()) == {"A", "B", "C", "D"}
+    finally:
+        client.app.dependency_overrides.pop(get_db, None)

backend/tests/test_audit_log.py

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+"""
+감사 로그 단위 테스트.
+"""
+import pytest
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock, call
+
+from app.services.audit import log_action
+from app.models.audit import AuditLog
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_log_action_creates_audit_entry():
+    """log_action 호출 시 AuditLog 추가 및 커밋."""
+    db = AsyncMock()
+    db.add = MagicMock()
+    db.commit = AsyncMock()
+
+    entry = await log_action(
+        db=db,
+        tenant_id="tenant-1",
+        actor_id="user-1",
+        actor_type="admin_user",
+        action="doc.upload",
+        target_type="document",
+        target_id="doc-1",
+        diff={"filename": "guide.txt"},
+    )
+
+    db.add.assert_called_once()
+    db.commit.assert_called_once()
+    assert entry.action == "doc.upload"
+    assert entry.tenant_id == "tenant-1"
+    assert entry.actor_id == "user-1"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_log_action_doc_approve():
+    """doc.approve 액션 기록."""
+    db = AsyncMock()
+    db.add = MagicMock()
+    db.commit = AsyncMock()
+
+    entry = await log_action(
+        db=db,
+        tenant_id="t1",
+        actor_id="editor-1",
+        actor_type="admin_user",
+        action="doc.approve",
+        target_type="document",
+        target_id="doc-2",
+    )
+
+    assert entry.action == "doc.approve"
+    assert entry.target_id == "doc-2"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_log_action_includes_diff():
+    """diff 필드가 저장됨."""
+    db = AsyncMock()
+    db.add = MagicMock()
+    db.commit = AsyncMock()
+
+    diff = {"before": "pending", "after": "processed"}
+    entry = await log_action(
+        db=db,
+        tenant_id="t1",
+        actor_id="user-1",
+        actor_type="admin_user",
+        action="config.update",
+        diff=diff,
+    )
+
+    assert entry.diff == diff
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_log_action_without_target():
+    """target_type/target_id 없어도 정상 기록."""
+    db = AsyncMock()
+    db.add = MagicMock()
+    db.commit = AsyncMock()
+
+    entry = await log_action(
+        db=db,
+        tenant_id="t1",
+        actor_id="user-1",
+        actor_type="system_admin",
+        action="config.update",
+    )
+
+    assert entry.target_type is None
+    assert entry.target_id is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_log_crawler_approve():
+    """crawler.approve 감사 로그."""
+    db = AsyncMock()
+    db.add = MagicMock()
+    db.commit = AsyncMock()
+
+    entry = await log_action(
+        db=db,
+        tenant_id="t1",
+        actor_id="editor-1",
+        actor_type="admin_user",
+        action="crawler.approve",
+        target_type="crawler_url",
+        target_id="url-1",
+        diff={"url": "https://www.dongducheon.go.kr"},
+    )
+
+    assert entry.action == "crawler.approve"
+    assert entry.diff["url"] == "https://www.dongducheon.go.kr"

backend/tests/test_auth.py

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
+
+import jwt
+import pytest
+
+from app.core.security import (
+    hash_password,
+    verify_password,
+    create_admin_token,
+    create_system_token,
+    decode_token,
+)
+from app.core.config import settings
+
+
+def test_hash_and_verify_password():
+    """해싱 후 verify True, 다른 비밀번호는 False."""
+    hashed = hash_password("secret123")
+    assert verify_password("secret123", hashed) is True
+    assert verify_password("wrong", hashed) is False
+
+
+def test_create_admin_token_has_tenant_id():
+    """decode 시 payload['tenant_id'] == 'tenant-id', type == 'admin_user'."""
+    token = create_admin_token("user-1", "tenant-id", "admin")
+    payload = decode_token(token)
+    assert payload is not None
+    assert payload["tenant_id"] == "tenant-id"
+    assert payload["type"] == "admin_user"
+
+
+def test_create_system_token_has_no_tenant_id():
+    """decode 시 payload['tenant_id'] is None, type == 'system_admin'."""
+    token = create_system_token("sys-admin-1")
+    payload = decode_token(token)
+    assert payload is not None
+    assert payload["tenant_id"] is None
+    assert payload["type"] == "system_admin"
+
+
+def test_decode_invalid_token_returns_none():
+    """decode_token('invalid.token') == None."""
+    assert decode_token("invalid.token") is None
+
+
+def test_decode_expired_token_returns_none():
+    """만료 토큰 생성 후 decode == None."""
+    payload = {
+        "sub": "user-1",
+        "tenant_id": "tenant-1",
+        "exp": datetime.now(timezone.utc) - timedelta(seconds=1),
+    }
+    expired_token = jwt.encode(payload, settings.SECRET_KEY, algorithm="HS256")
+    assert decode_token(expired_token) is None
+
+
+def test_admin_and_system_token_different_type():
+    """두 토큰의 type 필드 값 다름."""
+    admin_token = create_admin_token("user-1", "tenant-1", "admin")
+    system_token = create_system_token("sys-1")
+
+    admin_payload = decode_token(admin_token)
+    system_payload = decode_token(system_token)
+
+    assert admin_payload["type"] != system_payload["type"]

backend/tests/test_complaint_logger.py

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+"""
+민원 이력 저장 테스트.
+"""
+import pytest
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock
+
+from app.services.complaint_logger import log_complaint
+from app.services.routing import RoutingResult
+
+
+def make_result(tier="D", source="fallback", request_id="req-1") -> RoutingResult:
+    return RoutingResult(
+        answer="답변",
+        tier=tier,
+        source=source,
+        elapsed_ms=100,
+        is_timeout=False,
+        request_id=request_id,
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_log_complaint_masks_utterance():
+    """민원 이력에 원문 미저장, 마스킹 후 저장."""
+    db = AsyncMock()
+    db.add = MagicMock()
+    db.commit = AsyncMock()
+
+    raw_utterance = "제 전화번호는 010-1234-5678 입니다"
+    result = make_result()
+
+    entry = await log_complaint(
+        db=db,
+        tenant_id="t1",
+        raw_utterance=raw_utterance,
+        raw_user_id="kakao-user-123",
+        result=result,
+    )
+
+    # 원문 미저장
+    assert "010-1234-5678" not in (entry.utterance_masked or "")
+    # 마스킹 처리됨
+    assert "***-****-****" in (entry.utterance_masked or "")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_log_complaint_hashes_user_id():
+    """user_key는 해시값(16자리)으로 저장."""
+    db = AsyncMock()
+    db.add = MagicMock()
+    db.commit = AsyncMock()
+
+    result = make_result()
+    entry = await log_complaint(
+        db=db,
+        tenant_id="t1",
+        raw_utterance="일반 민원",
+        raw_user_id="real-kakao-id-12345",
+        result=result,
+    )
+
+    assert entry.user_key != "real-kakao-id-12345"
+    assert len(entry.user_key) == 16
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_log_complaint_stores_tier_and_source():
+    """response_tier, response_source 저장."""
+    db = AsyncMock()
+    db.add = MagicMock()
+    db.commit = AsyncMock()
+
+    result = make_result(tier="A", source="faq")
+    entry = await log_complaint(
+        db=db,
+        tenant_id="t1",
+        raw_utterance="질문",
+        raw_user_id="user-1",
+        result=result,
+    )
+
+    assert entry.response_tier == "A"
+    assert entry.response_source == "faq"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_log_complaint_stores_request_id():
+    """request_id 저장 (Idempotency 추적)."""
+    db = AsyncMock()
+    db.add = MagicMock()
+    db.commit = AsyncMock()
+
+    result = make_result(request_id="unique-req-abc")
+    entry = await log_complaint(
+        db=db,
+        tenant_id="t1",
+        raw_utterance="질문",
+        raw_user_id="user-1",
+        result=result,
+    )
+
+    assert entry.request_id == "unique-req-abc"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_log_complaint_timeout_flag():
+    """타임아웃 시 is_timeout=True 저장."""
+    db = AsyncMock()
+    db.add = MagicMock()
+    db.commit = AsyncMock()
+
+    result = RoutingResult(
+        answer="타임아웃",
+        tier="D",
+        source="fallback",
+        elapsed_ms=4500,
+        is_timeout=True,
+    )
+
+    entry = await log_complaint(
+        db=db,
+        tenant_id="t1",
+        raw_utterance="질문",
+        raw_user_id="user-1",
+        result=result,
+    )
+
+    assert entry.is_timeout is True

backend/tests/test_crawler.py

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+"""
+크롤러 서비스 단위 테스트.
+"""
+import pytest
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock, patch
+
+from app.services.crawler import crawl_url, check_robots_txt, CrawlerService
+from app.services.parsers.text_parser import extract_text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_crawl_url_extracts_text():
+    """정상 HTML 응답 → 텍스트 추출."""
+    html_str = "<html><body><p>동두천시 여권 안내</p><script>bad()</script></body></html>"
+    html = html_str.encode("utf-8")
+
+    mock_response = MagicMock()
+    mock_response.content = html
+    mock_response.text = html_str
+    mock_response.headers = {"content-type": "text/html"}
+    mock_response.raise_for_status = MagicMock()
+
+    mock_client = AsyncMock()
+    mock_client.__aenter__ = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_client)
+    mock_client.__aexit__ = AsyncMock(return_value=None)
+    mock_client.get = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_response)
+
+    with patch("app.services.crawler.check_robots_txt", return_value=True), \
+         patch("httpx.AsyncClient", return_value=mock_client):
+        result = await crawl_url("https://www.example.com/guide")
+
+    assert result is not None
+    assert "동두천시" in result
+    assert "bad()" not in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_crawl_url_returns_none_on_robots_disallow():
+    """robots.txt 불허 → None 반환."""
+    with patch("app.services.crawler.check_robots_txt", return_value=False):
+        result = await crawl_url("https://www.example.com/private")
+
+    assert result is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_crawl_url_returns_none_on_network_error():
+    """네트워크 오류 → None 반환 (예외 미전파)."""
+    import httpx
+    mock_client = AsyncMock()
+    mock_client.__aenter__ = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_client)
+    mock_client.__aexit__ = AsyncMock(return_value=None)
+    mock_client.get = AsyncMock(side_effect=httpx.ConnectError("connection refused"))
+
+    with patch("app.services.crawler.check_robots_txt", return_value=True), \
+         patch("httpx.AsyncClient", return_value=mock_client):
+        result = await crawl_url("https://unreachable.example.com")
+
+    assert result is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_crawler_service_updates_last_crawled():
+    """run() 후 last_crawled 업데이트."""
+    db = AsyncMock()
+    db.commit = AsyncMock()
+
+    crawler_url = MagicMock()
+    crawler_url.url = "https://www.example.com"
+    crawler_url.last_crawled = None
+
+    with patch("app.services.crawler.crawl_url", return_value="크롤링된 내용"):
+        service = CrawlerService(db)
+        result = await service.run(crawler_url, "tenant-1")
+
+    assert result == "크롤링된 내용"
+    assert crawler_url.last_crawled is not None
+    db.commit.assert_called_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_crawler_service_returns_none_on_fail():
+    """크롤링 실패 → None 반환."""
+    db = AsyncMock()
+    crawler_url = MagicMock()
+    crawler_url.url = "https://fail.example.com"
+
+    with patch("app.services.crawler.crawl_url", return_value=None):
+        service = CrawlerService(db)
+        result = await service.run(crawler_url, "tenant-1")
+
+    assert result is None

backend/tests/test_document_processor.py

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+"""
+DocumentProcessor + 텍스트 파서 단위 테스트.
+"""
+import pytest
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock
+
+from app.services.parsers.text_parser import extract_text, chunk_text
+from app.services.document_processor import DocumentProcessor
+
+
+# ── 파서 테스트 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def test_extract_text_txt():
+    content = "안녕하세요\n여권 발급 안내입니다".encode("utf-8")
+    result = extract_text(content, "guide.txt")
+    assert "여권" in result
+
+
+def test_extract_text_md():
+    content = "# 제목\n본문 내용".encode("utf-8")
+    result = extract_text(content, "readme.md")
+    assert "본문" in result
+
+
+def test_extract_text_html():
+    content = "<html><body><p>여권 안내</p><script>alert(1)</script></body></html>".encode("utf-8")
+    result = extract_text(content, "page.html")
+    assert "여권" in result
+    assert "alert" not in result
+
+
+def test_extract_text_unsupported_returns_none():
+    result = extract_text(b"binary", "file.exe")
+    assert result is None
+
+
+def test_chunk_text_splits_correctly():
+    text = "\n".join(["문장 " + str(i) for i in range(50)])
+    chunks = chunk_text(text, chunk_size=100)
+    assert len(chunks) > 1
+    for chunk in chunks:
+        assert len(chunk) > 0
+
+
+def test_chunk_text_small_text_single_chunk():
+    text = "짧은 텍스트"
+    chunks = chunk_text(text, chunk_size=500)
+    assert len(chunks) == 1
+    assert "짧은 텍스트" in chunks[0]
+
+
+# ── DocumentProcessor 테스트 ────────────────────────────────────────
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_processor_stores_chunks_in_vectordb():
+    """파싱 성공 → VectorDB에 upsert 호출."""
+    embedding = AsyncMock()
+    embedding.embed = AsyncMock(return_value=[[0.1] * 768, [0.2] * 768])
+
+    vectordb = AsyncMock()
+    vectordb.upsert = AsyncMock(return_value=2)
+
+    db = AsyncMock()
+    db.commit = AsyncMock()
+
+    doc = MagicMock()
+    doc.id = "doc-1"
+    doc.filename = "test.txt"
+    doc.published_at = None
+    doc.status = "pending"
+    doc.chunk_count = 0
+
+    processor = DocumentProcessor(embedding, vectordb, db)
+    content = "첫 번째 문단입니다.\n두 번째 문단입니다.".encode("utf-8")
+    count = await processor.process("tenant-1", doc, content)
+
+    assert count > 0
+    assert vectordb.upsert.called
+    assert doc.status == "processed"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_processor_fails_on_unsupported_format():
+    """지원하지 않는 파일 형식 → chunk_count=0, status=parse_failed."""
+    embedding = AsyncMock()
+    vectordb = AsyncMock()
+    db = AsyncMock()
+    db.commit = AsyncMock()
+
+    doc = MagicMock()
+    doc.id = "doc-2"
+    doc.filename = "file.exe"
+    doc.published_at = None
+    doc.status = "pending"
+
+    processor = DocumentProcessor(embedding, vectordb, db)
+    count = await processor.process("tenant-1", doc, b"binary data")
+
+    assert count == 0
+    assert doc.status == "parse_failed"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_processor_handles_embedding_not_implemented():
+    """임베딩 미구성 → status=embedding_unavailable."""
+    embedding = AsyncMock()
+    embedding.embed = AsyncMock(side_effect=NotImplementedError)
+
+    vectordb = AsyncMock()
+    db = AsyncMock()
+    db.commit = AsyncMock()
+
+    doc = MagicMock()
+    doc.id = "doc-3"
+    doc.filename = "guide.txt"
+    doc.published_at = None
+    doc.status = "pending"
+
+    processor = DocumentProcessor(embedding, vectordb, db)
+    count = await processor.process("tenant-1", doc, "본문 내용".encode("utf-8"))
+
+    assert count == 0
+    assert doc.status == "embedding_unavailable"

backend/tests/test_engine_api.py

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+"""
+POST /engine/query 엔드포인트 테스트 (웹 시뮬레이터).
+"""
+import pytest
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, patch
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_engine_query_returns_correct_structure(client):
+    """POST /engine/query → 필수 필드 포함 응답."""
+    response = await client.post(
+        "/engine/query",
+        json={
+            "tenant": "test-tenant",
+            "utterance": "여권 발급 방법 알려주세요",
+            "user_key": "test-user-key",
+        },
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    data = response.json()
+    assert "answer" in data
+    assert "tier" in data
+    assert "source" in data
+    assert "citations" in data
+    assert "request_id" in data
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_engine_query_tier_d_when_no_faq(client):
+    """FAQ 없으면 Tier D 폴백 반환."""
+    response = await client.post(
+        "/engine/query",
+        json={
+            "tenant": "test-tenant",
+            "utterance": "알 수 없는 질문",
+            "user_key": "user-1",
+        },
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    data = response.json()
+    assert data["tier"] == "D"
+    assert data["source"] == "fallback"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_engine_query_idempotency_deduplication(client):
+    """같은 request_id로 두 번 요청 → 동일 응답 (캐시 HIT)."""
+    payload = {
+        "tenant": "test-tenant",
+        "utterance": "중복 요청 테스트",
+        "user_key": "user-1",
+        "request_id": "dup-req-001",
+    }
+
+    # Mock Redis for idempotency
+    mock_redis = AsyncMock()
+    cached_result = {
+        "answer": "캐시된 응답",
+        "tier": "D",
+        "source": "fallback",
+        "citations": [],
+        "request_id": "dup-req-001",
+        "elapsed_ms": 10,
+        "is_timeout": False,
+    }
+    import json
+    mock_redis.get = AsyncMock(return_value=json.dumps(cached_result).encode())
+    mock_redis.setex = AsyncMock()
+
+    # app.state에 직접 설정 (lifespan 미실행 상태)
+    client.app.state.redis = mock_redis
+    try:
+        resp1 = await client.post("/engine/query", json=payload)
+    finally:
+        client.app.state.redis = None
+
+    assert resp1.status_code == 200
+    assert resp1.json()["answer"] == "캐시된 응답"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_engine_query_request_id_auto_generated(client):
+    """request_id 미전송 시 자동 생성."""
+    response = await client.post(
+        "/engine/query",
+        json={
+            "tenant": "test-tenant",
+            "utterance": "테스트",
+            "user_key": "user-1",
+        },
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    data = response.json()
+    assert data["request_id"] is not None
+    assert len(data["request_id"]) > 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_engine_query_channel_default_web(client):
+    """channel 미전송 시 기본값 web 사용 — 응답은 정상."""
+    response = await client.post(
+        "/engine/query",
+        json={
+            "tenant": "test-tenant",
+            "utterance": "테스트",
+            "user_key": "user-1",
+        },
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 200

backend/tests/test_faq_search.py

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+"""
+FAQSearchService 단위 테스트.
+임베딩/벡터DB는 Mock 사용.
+"""
+import pytest
+import pytest_asyncio
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock
+from uuid import uuid4
+
+from app.services.faq_search import FAQSearchService, FAQ_SIMILARITY_THRESHOLD
+from app.providers.base import SearchResult
+
+
+def make_faq(tenant_id: str, question: str = "Q", answer: str = "A") -> MagicMock:
+    faq = MagicMock()
+    faq.id = str(uuid4())
+    faq.tenant_id = tenant_id
+    faq.question = question
+    faq.answer = answer
+    faq.is_active = True
+    faq.hit_count = 0
+    faq.updated_at = None
+    return faq
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_faq_search_above_threshold_returns_faq():
+    """유사도 ≥ 0.85 → FAQ 반환."""
+    faq = make_faq("t1")
+    faq_id = faq.id
+
+    embedding = AsyncMock()
+    embedding.embed = AsyncMock(return_value=[[0.1] * 768])
+
+    vectordb = AsyncMock()
+    vectordb.search = AsyncMock(return_value=[
+        SearchResult(text="Q\nA", doc_id=f"{faq_id}_0", score=0.92, metadata={"faq_id": faq_id})
+    ])
+
+    db = AsyncMock()
+    db.execute = AsyncMock()
+    scalar = MagicMock()
+    scalar.scalar_one_or_none = MagicMock(return_value=faq)
+    db.execute.return_value = scalar
+
+    service = FAQSearchService(embedding, vectordb, db)
+    result = await service.search("t1", "여권 발급")
+
+    assert result is not None
+    found_faq, score = result
+    assert found_faq.id == faq_id
+    assert score >= FAQ_SIMILARITY_THRESHOLD
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_faq_search_below_threshold_returns_none():
+    """유사도 < 0.85 → None 반환."""
+    embedding = AsyncMock()
+    embedding.embed = AsyncMock(return_value=[[0.1] * 768])
+
+    vectordb = AsyncMock()
+    vectordb.search = AsyncMock(return_value=[])  # threshold 미달로 빈 결과
+
+    db = AsyncMock()
+
+    service = FAQSearchService(embedding, vectordb, db)
+    result = await service.search("t1", "모르는 질문")
+
+    assert result is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_faq_search_tenant_isolation():
+    """다른 테넌트의 FAQ가 반환되지 않는다."""
+    faq_tenant_b = make_faq("tenant-B")
+    faq_id = faq_tenant_b.id
+
+    embedding = AsyncMock()
+    embedding.embed = AsyncMock(return_value=[[0.1] * 768])
+
+    vectordb = AsyncMock()
+    vectordb.search = AsyncMock(return_value=[
+        SearchResult(text="Q\nA", doc_id=f"{faq_id}_0", score=0.95, metadata={"faq_id": faq_id})
+    ])
+
+    db = AsyncMock()
+    db.execute = AsyncMock()
+    scalar = MagicMock()
+    # tenant-A로 조회하면 None (다른 테넌트 FAQ)
+    scalar.scalar_one_or_none = MagicMock(return_value=None)
+    db.execute.return_value = scalar
+
+    service = FAQSearchService(embedding, vectordb, db)
+    result = await service.search("tenant-A", "테스트 질문")  # tenant-A로 검색
+
+    assert result is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_faq_search_hit_count_increment():
+    """FAQ 검색 성공 시 hit_count가 증가한다."""
+    faq = make_faq("t1")
+    faq.hit_count = 5
+
+    embedding = AsyncMock()
+    embedding.embed = AsyncMock(return_value=[[0.1] * 768])
+
+    vectordb = AsyncMock()
+    vectordb.search = AsyncMock(return_value=[
+        SearchResult(text="Q\nA", doc_id=f"{faq.id}_0", score=0.90,
+                     metadata={"faq_id": faq.id})
+    ])
+
+    db = AsyncMock()
+    db.execute = AsyncMock()
+    scalar = MagicMock()
+    scalar.scalar_one_or_none = MagicMock(return_value=faq)
+    db.execute.return_value = scalar
+    db.get = AsyncMock(return_value=faq)
+    db.commit = AsyncMock()
+
+    service = FAQSearchService(embedding, vectordb, db)
+    result = await service.search("t1", "질문")
+    assert result is not None
+
+    await service.increment_hit(faq.id)
+    assert faq.hit_count == 6
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_faq_search_embedding_not_implemented_returns_none():
+    """EmbeddingProvider가 NotImplementedError → None 반환 (graceful)."""
+    embedding = AsyncMock()
+    embedding.embed = AsyncMock(side_effect=NotImplementedError("not configured"))
+
+    vectordb = AsyncMock()
+    db = AsyncMock()
+
+    service = FAQSearchService(embedding, vectordb, db)
+    result = await service.search("t1", "질문")
+
+    assert result is None

backend/tests/test_idempotency.py

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+import pytest
+
+from app.services.idempotency import IdempotencyCache
+
+
+class FakeRedis:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._store = {}
+
+    async def get(self, key):
+        return self._store.get(key)
+
+    async def setex(self, key, ttl, value):
+        self._store[key] = value
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_cache_miss_returns_none():
+    """get('tenant-1', 'req-1') == None (캐시 없음)."""
+    cache = IdempotencyCache(FakeRedis())
+    result = await cache.get("tenant-1", "req-1")
+    assert result is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_set_and_get_returns_same_data():
+    """set 후 get → 동일 데이터."""
+    cache = IdempotencyCache(FakeRedis())
+    data = {"answer": "test", "tier": "A"}
+    await cache.set("tenant-1", "req-1", data)
+    result = await cache.get("tenant-1", "req-1")
+    assert result == data
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_different_tenant_same_request_id_no_collision():
+    """tenant-A에 저장, tenant-B에서 같은 request_id get → None."""
+    cache = IdempotencyCache(FakeRedis())
+    await cache.set("tenant-A", "req-1", {"answer": "A"})
+    result = await cache.get("tenant-B", "req-1")
+    assert result is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_no_request_id_returns_none():
+    """get(tenant_id, None) == None."""
+    cache = IdempotencyCache(FakeRedis())
+    result = await cache.get("tenant-1", None)
+    assert result is None

backend/tests/test_llm_providers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+"""
+LLM Provider 인터페이스 테스트.
+"""
+import pytest
+from app.providers.llm import NullLLMProvider
+from app.providers.llm_anthropic import AnthropicLLMProvider, OpenAILLMProvider
+from app.providers import get_llm_provider
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_null_provider_always_returns_none():
+    provider = NullLLMProvider()
+    result = await provider.generate("sys", "user", ["ctx"])
+    assert result is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_null_provider_returns_none_without_context():
+    provider = NullLLMProvider()
+    result = await provider.generate("sys", "user", [])
+    assert result is None
+
+
+def test_get_llm_provider_none():
+    provider = get_llm_provider({"LLM_PROVIDER": "none"})
+    assert isinstance(provider, NullLLMProvider)
+
+
+def test_get_llm_provider_anthropic():
+    provider = get_llm_provider({"LLM_PROVIDER": "anthropic", "ANTHROPIC_API_KEY": "test"})
+    assert isinstance(provider, AnthropicLLMProvider)
+
+
+def test_get_llm_provider_unknown_raises():
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        get_llm_provider({"LLM_PROVIDER": "unknown_xyz"})
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_anthropic_provider_no_context_returns_none():
+    """근거 없으면 API 호출 없이 None."""
+    provider = AnthropicLLMProvider(api_key="test-key")
+    result = await provider.generate("sys", "user", context_chunks=[])
+    assert result is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_anthropic_provider_api_failure_returns_none():
+    """API 오류 → None (예외 미전파)."""
+    from unittest.mock import patch, AsyncMock
+    provider = AnthropicLLMProvider(api_key="invalid-key")
+
+    with patch("anthropic.AsyncAnthropic") as mock_cls:
+        mock_client = AsyncMock()
+        mock_client.messages.create = AsyncMock(side_effect=Exception("API error"))
+        mock_cls.return_value = mock_client
+
+        result = await provider.generate("sys", "user", context_chunks=["근거"])
+
+    assert result is None

backend/tests/test_masking.py

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import pytest
+
+from app.services.masking import mask_text, hash_user_key, has_sensitive_data
+
+
+def test_rrn_full_masking():
+    """주민번호 마스킹."""
+    result = mask_text("주민번호: 901225-1234567")
+    assert result == "주민번호: ######-*######"
+
+
+def test_phone_masking():
+    """전화번호 마스킹."""
+    result = mask_text("전화: 010-1234-5678")
+    assert result == "전화: ***-****-****"
+
+
+def test_email_masking():
+    """이메일 마스킹."""
+    result = mask_text("user@example.com")
+    assert result == "***@***.***"
+
+
+def test_card_masking():
+    """카드번호 마스킹."""
+    result = mask_text("4242-4242-4242-4242")
+    assert result == "****-****-****-****"
+
+
+def test_no_false_positive_number():
+    """금액 숫자는 마스킹되지 않아야 함."""
+    original = "예산액: 1,234,567원"
+    result = mask_text(original)
+    assert result == original
+
+
+def test_multiple_patterns_in_one_text():
+    """전화번호와 이메일이 같이 있는 문장에서 둘 다 마스킹."""
+    text = "연락처: 010-1234-5678, 이메일: admin@gov.kr"
+    result = mask_text(text)
+    assert "010-1234-5678" not in result
+    assert "admin@gov.kr" not in result
+    assert "***-****-****" in result
+    assert "***@***.***" in result
+
+
+def test_hash_user_key_length():
+    """hash_user_key 결과 길이 == 16."""
+    assert len(hash_user_key("any_id")) == 16
+
+
+def test_hash_user_key_deterministic():
+    """같은 입력에 항상 같은 결과."""
+    assert hash_user_key("test_user") == hash_user_key("test_user")
+
+
+def test_has_sensitive_data_detection():
+    """민감 데이터 감지."""
+    assert has_sensitive_data("010-1234-5678") is True
+    assert has_sensitive_data("일반 민원 내용입니다") is False

backend/tests/test_metrics.py

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+import pytest
+import pytest_asyncio
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock, patch
+
+from app.services.metrics import MetricsCollector
+from app.services.routing import RoutingResult
+
+
+def make_result(source="faq", elapsed_ms=100, is_timeout=False):
+    return RoutingResult(
+        answer="test",
+        tier="A",
+        source=source,
+        elapsed_ms=elapsed_ms,
+        is_timeout=is_timeout,
+    )
+
+
+class FakePipeline:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._data = {}
+        self._sets = {}
+        self._calls = []
+
+    def hincrby(self, key, field, amount):
+        if key not in self._data:
+            self._data[key] = {}
+        self._data[key][field] = self._data[key].get(field, 0) + amount
+        return self
+
+    def zadd(self, key, mapping):
+        if key not in self._sets:
+            self._sets[key] = {}
+        self._sets[key].update(mapping)
+        return self
+
+    def zremrangebyrank(self, key, start, stop):
+        return self
+
+    async def execute(self):
+        return []
+
+
+class FakeRedis:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._data = {}
+        self._sets = {}
+        self._pipeline = FakePipeline()
+
+    def pipeline(self):
+        return self._pipeline
+
+    async def hgetall(self, key):
+        return {k: str(v) for k, v in self._pipeline._data.get(key, {}).items()}
+
+    async def zcard(self, key):
+        return len(self._pipeline._sets.get(key, {}))
+
+    async def zrange(self, key, start, stop, withscores=False):
+        items = sorted(self._pipeline._sets.get(key, {}).items(), key=lambda x: x[1])
+        slice_ = items[start:stop + 1 if stop >= 0 else None]
+        if withscores:
+            return [(k.encode(), v) for k, v in slice_]
+        return [k.encode() for k, _ in slice_]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_record_increments_total_count():
+    """record 후 total_count == 1."""
+    redis = FakeRedis()
+    collector = MetricsCollector(redis)
+    result = make_result(source="faq")
+    await collector.record("tenant-1", result)
+    assert redis._pipeline._data.get("tenant:tenant-1:metrics", {}).get("total_count", 0) == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_record_faq_increments_faq_hit_count():
+    """source='faq'인 result record 후 faq_hit_count == 1."""
+    redis = FakeRedis()
+    collector = MetricsCollector(redis)
+    await collector.record("tenant-1", make_result(source="faq"))
+    counts = redis._pipeline._data.get("tenant:tenant-1:metrics", {})
+    assert counts.get("faq_hit_count", 0) == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_record_timeout_increments_timeout_count():
+    """is_timeout=True인 result record 후 timeout_count == 1."""
+    redis = FakeRedis()
+    collector = MetricsCollector(redis)
+    await collector.record("tenant-1", make_result(is_timeout=True))
+    counts = redis._pipeline._data.get("tenant:tenant-1:metrics", {})
+    assert counts.get("timeout_count", 0) == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_get_overview_returns_rates():
+    """total=10, faq=4 → faq_hit_rate == 40.0."""
+    redis = FakeRedis()
+    collector = MetricsCollector(redis)
+
+    # 수동으로 pipeline 데이터 설정
+    redis._pipeline._data["tenant:tenant-1:metrics"] = {
+        "total_count": 10,
+        "faq_hit_count": 4,
+        "rag_hit_count": 2,
+        "fallback_count": 3,
+        "timeout_count": 1,
+        "response_ms_sum": 1000,
+    }
+
+    overview = await collector.get_overview("tenant-1")
+    assert overview["rates"]["faq_hit_rate"] == 40.0

backend/tests/test_middleware.py

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+import pytest
+import pytest_asyncio
+from httpx import AsyncClient, ASGITransport
+from sqlalchemy import select
+
+from app.core.middleware import tenanted_query, system_query, TenantMiddleware
+from app.models.knowledge import FAQ
+from app.main import app
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_health_exempt_no_tenant_required(client):
+    """GET /health → 200."""
+    response = await client.get("/health")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_token_endpoint_exempt(client):
+    """POST /api/admin/token → 400이 아닌 응답 (tenant 오류 아님)."""
+    response = await client.post("/api/admin/token")
+    # 엔드포인트가 없으면 404, 있으면 422/200 — 어떤 경우든 400(tenant_required)이 아님
+    assert response.status_code != 400 or response.json().get("error") != "tenant_required"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_api_request_without_auth_returns_401(client):
+    """GET /api/admin/faqs (인증 없음) → 401 (admin 경로는 미들웨어 exempt, JWT 필요)."""
+    response = await client.get("/api/admin/faqs")
+    assert response.status_code == 401
+
+
+def test_tenanted_query_without_tenant_id_raises_runtime_error():
+    """tenanted_query(select(FAQ), FAQ, None) → RuntimeError 발생."""
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+        tenanted_query(select(FAQ), FAQ, None)
+
+
+def test_tenanted_query_with_tenant_id_adds_filter():
+    """생성된 SQL에 'tenant_id' 포함 확인."""
+    query = tenanted_query(select(FAQ), FAQ, "test-tenant-id")
+    sql = str(query.compile())
+    assert "tenant_id" in sql
+
+
+def test_tenanted_query_with_empty_string_raises():
+    """tenanted_query(select(FAQ), FAQ, '') → RuntimeError 발생."""
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+        tenanted_query(select(FAQ), FAQ, "")
+
+
+def test_system_query_has_no_tenant_filter():
+    """system_query(q) == q (변경 없음)."""
+    q = select(FAQ)
+    result = system_query(q)
+    assert result is q
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_request_state_has_tenant_id_after_middleware(client):
+    """X-Tenant-Slug 헤더 포함 요청 시 request.state.tenant_id 주입 확인."""
+    # 미들웨어가 tenant_id를 설정하면 400 대신 다른 응답 코드가 나와야 함
+    response = await client.get(
+        "/api/admin/faqs",
+        headers={"X-Tenant-Slug": "test-tenant"}
+    )
+    # tenant_required 오류가 아니어야 함 (404 또는 다른 응답)
+    assert response.status_code != 400 or response.json().get("error") != "tenant_required"

backend/tests/test_models.py

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+import pytest
+from sqlalchemy import inspect, String, VARCHAR
+
+from app.models.tenant import Tenant, TenantConfig
+from app.models.admin import SystemAdmin, AdminUser, AdminRole
+from app.models.knowledge import FAQ, Document, CrawlerURL
+from app.models.complaint import ComplaintLog
+from app.models.moderation import UserRestriction, RestrictionLevel
+from app.models.audit import AuditLog
+
+TENANT_REQUIRED_MODELS = [
+    TenantConfig, FAQ, Document, CrawlerURL, ComplaintLog, UserRestriction, AuditLog, AdminUser
+]
+
+
+def get_column(model, col_name):
+    """모델에서 컬럼 객체 반환."""
+    for col in model.__table__.columns:
+        if col.name == col_name:
+            return col
+    return None
+
+
+def test_all_tenant_models_have_tenant_id():
+    """8개 모델 모두 tenant_id 컬럼 포함 확인."""
+    for model in TENANT_REQUIRED_MODELS:
+        col = get_column(model, "tenant_id")
+        assert col is not None, f"{model.__tablename__} must have tenant_id column"
+
+
+def test_system_admin_has_no_tenant_id():
+    """SystemAdmin 테이블에 tenant_id 없음 확인."""
+    col = get_column(SystemAdmin, "tenant_id")
+    assert col is None, "SystemAdmin must NOT have tenant_id column"
+
+
+def test_all_pk_are_uuid_string():
+    """모든 모델 PK 컬럼 타입이 VARCHAR(36) 또는 String."""
+    all_models = [Tenant, TenantConfig, SystemAdmin, AdminUser, FAQ, Document,
+                  CrawlerURL, ComplaintLog, UserRestriction, AuditLog]
+    for model in all_models:
+        pk_cols = [c for c in model.__table__.columns if c.primary_key]
+        assert len(pk_cols) > 0, f"{model.__tablename__} has no PK"
+        for col in pk_cols:
+            col_type = str(col.type)
+            assert "VARCHAR" in col_type or "CHAR" in col_type or isinstance(col.type, String), \
+                f"{model.__tablename__}.{col.name} PK must be String/VARCHAR, got {col_type}"
+
+
+def test_admin_user_email_not_globally_unique():
+    """AdminUser.email 컬럼의 unique=False 확인."""
+    col = get_column(AdminUser, "email")
+    assert col is not None
+    assert not col.unique, "AdminUser.email must NOT be globally unique (use tenant-scoped constraint)"
+
+
+def test_system_admin_email_globally_unique():
+    """SystemAdmin.email 컬럼의 unique=True 확인."""
+    col = get_column(SystemAdmin, "email")
+    assert col is not None
+    assert col.unique, "SystemAdmin.email must be globally unique"
+
+
+def test_document_is_active_default_false():
+    """Document.is_active 기본값이 False 확인."""
+    col = get_column(Document, "is_active")
+    assert col is not None
+    assert col.default.arg is False, "Document.is_active default must be False"
+
+
+def test_complaint_log_has_request_id():
+    """ComplaintLog에 request_id 컬럼 존재 확인."""
+    col = get_column(ComplaintLog, "request_id")
+    assert col is not None, "ComplaintLog must have request_id column"
+
+
+def test_audit_log_has_required_columns():
+    """AuditLog에 actor_id, actor_type, action, tenant_id 확인."""
+    required = ["actor_id", "actor_type", "action", "tenant_id"]
+    for col_name in required:
+        col = get_column(AuditLog, col_name)
+        assert col is not None, f"AuditLog must have {col_name} column"
+
+
+def test_user_restriction_level_range():
+    """RestrictionLevel.NORMAL==0, BLOCKED==5."""
+    assert RestrictionLevel.NORMAL == 0
+    assert RestrictionLevel.BLOCKED == 5
+
+
+def test_admin_role_values():
+    """AdminRole 값 집합 == {'admin','editor','viewer','readonly_api'}."""
+    expected = {"admin", "editor", "viewer", "readonly_api"}
+    actual = {role.value for role in AdminRole}
+    assert actual == expected

backend/tests/test_moderation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+"""
+악성·반복 민원 제한 서비스 테스트.
+"""
+import pytest
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock
+
+from app.services.moderation import ModerationService, ModerationResult
+from app.models.moderation import UserRestriction, RestrictionLevel
+
+
+def make_db(restriction=None):
+    db = AsyncMock()
+    db.add = MagicMock()
+    db.commit = AsyncMock()
+    db.execute = AsyncMock()
+    scalar = MagicMock()
+    scalar.scalar_one_or_none = MagicMock(return_value=restriction)
+    db.execute.return_value = scalar
+    return db
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_check_normal_user_is_allowed():
+    """제한 없는 사용자 → 허용."""
+    db = make_db(restriction=None)
+    service = ModerationService(db)
+    result = await service.check("t1", "user-1")
+    assert result.allowed is True
+    assert result.level == 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_check_blocked_user_is_denied():
+    """Level 5 (BLOCKED) → 차단."""
+    r = MagicMock()
+    r.level = RestrictionLevel.BLOCKED
+    r.expires_at = None
+    db = make_db(restriction=r)
+
+    service = ModerationService(db)
+    result = await service.check("t1", "user-block")
+    assert result.allowed is False
+    assert result.level == RestrictionLevel.BLOCKED
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_check_suspended_user_is_denied():
+    """Level 4 (SUSPENDED) → 편집장 확인 전 차단."""
+    r = MagicMock()
+    r.level = RestrictionLevel.SUSPENDED
+    r.expires_at = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(hours=1)
+    db = make_db(restriction=r)
+
+    service = ModerationService(db)
+    result = await service.check("t1", "user-sus")
+    assert result.allowed is False
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_check_warning_user_has_delay():
+    """Level 2 (WARNING) → 허용 + 30초 지연."""
+    r = MagicMock()
+    r.level = RestrictionLevel.WARNING
+    r.expires_at = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(hours=1)
+    db = make_db(restriction=r)
+
+    service = ModerationService(db)
+    result = await service.check("t1", "user-warn")
+    assert result.allowed is True
+    assert result.delay_seconds == 30
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_escalate_increases_level():
+    """레벨 상승: NORMAL → 다음 레벨."""
+    r = MagicMock(spec=UserRestriction)
+    r.level = RestrictionLevel.NORMAL
+    r.expires_at = None
+    r.auto_applied = True
+
+    db = make_db(restriction=r)
+
+    service = ModerationService(db)
+    new_level = await service.escalate("t1", "user-1", "반복 민원")
+
+    assert new_level == RestrictionLevel.NORMAL + 1
+    db.commit.assert_called_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_escalate_stops_at_suspended():
+    """Level 4 이상 자동 상승 금지."""
+    r = MagicMock(spec=UserRestriction)
+    r.level = RestrictionLevel.SUSPENDED
+    r.expires_at = None
+
+    db = make_db(restriction=r)
+
+    service = ModerationService(db)
+    new_level = await service.escalate("t1", "user-1")
+
+    # Level 4에서 멈춤
+    assert new_level == RestrictionLevel.SUSPENDED
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_release_resets_level():
+    """수동 해제 → level 0."""
+    r = MagicMock(spec=UserRestriction)
+    r.level = RestrictionLevel.SUSPENDED
+    r.expires_at = None
+    r.auto_applied = True
+    r.applied_by = None
+
+    db = make_db(restriction=r)
+
+    service = ModerationService(db)
+    await service.release("t1", "user-1", applied_by="editor-1")
+
+    assert r.level == RestrictionLevel.NORMAL
+    assert r.applied_by == "editor-1"
+    db.commit.assert_called_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_check_expired_restriction_resets():
+    """만료된 제한 → 자동 해제."""
+    r = MagicMock(spec=UserRestriction)
+    r.level = RestrictionLevel.WARNING  # Level 2
+    r.expires_at = datetime.now(timezone.utc) - timedelta(hours=1)  # 만료
+    r.auto_applied = True
+    r.applied_by = None
+
+    db = make_db(restriction=r)
+
+    service = ModerationService(db)
+    result = await service.check("t1", "user-expired")
+
+    assert result.allowed is True
+    assert result.level == 0

backend/tests/test_providers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import pytest
+
+from app.providers.llm import NullLLMProvider
+from app.providers.embedding import NotImplementedEmbeddingProvider
+from app.providers import get_llm_provider, get_embedding_provider
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_null_llm_provider_returns_none():
+    """NullLLMProvider().generate(...) == None."""
+    provider = NullLLMProvider()
+    result = await provider.generate("system", "user", [])
+    assert result is None
+
+
+def test_get_llm_provider_none_config():
+    """get_llm_provider({'LLM_PROVIDER':'none'}) == NullLLMProvider 인스턴스."""
+    provider = get_llm_provider({"LLM_PROVIDER": "none"})
+    assert isinstance(provider, NullLLMProvider)
+
+
+def test_get_llm_provider_unknown_raises():
+    """get_llm_provider({'LLM_PROVIDER':'xyz'}) → ValueError."""
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        get_llm_provider({"LLM_PROVIDER": "xyz"})
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_not_implemented_embedding_raises_on_embed():
+    """NotImplementedEmbeddingProvider().embed(['test']) → NotImplementedError."""
+    provider = NotImplementedEmbeddingProvider()
+    with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
+        await provider.embed(["test"])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_not_implemented_embedding_warmup_is_noop():
+    """.warmup() 호출 시 예외 없이 통과."""
+    provider = NotImplementedEmbeddingProvider()
+    await provider.warmup()  # 예외 없어야 함

backend/tests/test_rag_search.py

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+"""
+RAGSearchService 단위 테스트.
+"""
+import pytest
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock
+from uuid import uuid4
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from app.services.rag_search import RAGSearchService, RAG_SIMILARITY_THRESHOLD
+from app.providers.base import SearchResult
+
+
+def make_doc(tenant_id: str, filename: str = "안내문.txt") -> MagicMock:
+    doc = MagicMock()
+    doc.id = str(uuid4())
+    doc.tenant_id = tenant_id
+    doc.filename = filename
+    doc.is_active = True
+    doc.published_at = datetime(2026, 3, 1)
+    return doc
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_rag_search_returns_results_above_threshold():
+    """유사도 ≥ 0.70 → RAGSearchResult 반환."""
+    doc = make_doc("t1")
+    doc_id = doc.id
+
+    embedding = AsyncMock()
+    embedding.embed = AsyncMock(return_value=[[0.1] * 768])
+
+    vectordb = AsyncMock()
+    vectordb.search = AsyncMock(return_value=[
+        SearchResult(
+            text="여권은 민원과에서 발급합니다.",
+            doc_id=f"{doc_id}_0",
+            score=0.78,
+            metadata={"doc_id": doc_id, "filename": "여권안내.txt"},
+        )
+    ])
+
+    db = AsyncMock()
+    db.execute = AsyncMock()
+    scalar = MagicMock()
+    scalar.scalar_one_or_none = MagicMock(return_value=doc)
+    db.execute.return_value = scalar
+
+    service = RAGSearchService(embedding, vectordb, db)
+    results = await service.search("t1", "여권 발급")
+
+    assert results is not None
+    assert len(results) > 0
+    assert results[0].score >= RAG_SIMILARITY_THRESHOLD
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_rag_search_returns_none_when_no_match():
+    """매칭 없으면 None."""
+    embedding = AsyncMock()
+    embedding.embed = AsyncMock(return_value=[[0.1] * 768])
+
+    vectordb = AsyncMock()
+    vectordb.search = AsyncMock(return_value=[])
+
+    db = AsyncMock()
+
+    service = RAGSearchService(embedding, vectordb, db)
+    results = await service.search("t1", "알 수 없는 질문")
+
+    assert results is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_rag_search_excludes_inactive_docs():
+    """is_active=False 문서 → 결과에서 제외."""
+    doc_id = str(uuid4())
+
+    embedding = AsyncMock()
+    embedding.embed = AsyncMock(return_value=[[0.1] * 768])
+
+    vectordb = AsyncMock()
+    vectordb.search = AsyncMock(return_value=[
+        SearchResult(text="내용", doc_id=f"{doc_id}_0", score=0.85,
+                     metadata={"doc_id": doc_id})
+    ])
+
+    db = AsyncMock()
+    db.execute = AsyncMock()
+    scalar = MagicMock()
+    scalar.scalar_one_or_none = MagicMock(return_value=None)  # is_active 필터로 None
+    db.execute.return_value = scalar
+
+    service = RAGSearchService(embedding, vectordb, db)
+    results = await service.search("t1", "질문")
+
+    assert results is None
+
+
+def test_rag_build_answer_includes_citation():
+    """응답에 출처(문서명·날짜) 포함."""
+    doc = make_doc("t1", "여권발급안내.txt")
+
+    embedding = AsyncMock()
+    vectordb = AsyncMock()
+    db = AsyncMock()
+
+    from app.services.rag_search import RAGSearchResult
+    rag_result = RAGSearchResult(
+        chunk_text="여권 발급은 민원과에서 처리합니다.",
+        doc=doc,
+        score=0.78,
+    )
+
+    service = RAGSearchService(embedding, vectordb, db)
+    answer = service.build_answer("여권 질문", [rag_result])
+
+    assert "출처" in answer
+    assert "여권발급안내.txt" in answer
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_rag_deduplicates_same_doc_chunks():
+    """같은 문서의 여러 청크 → 최고 점수 1개만."""
+    doc_id = str(uuid4())
+    doc = make_doc("t1")
+    doc.id = doc_id
+
+    embedding = AsyncMock()
+    embedding.embed = AsyncMock(return_value=[[0.1] * 768])
+
+    vectordb = AsyncMock()
+    vectordb.search = AsyncMock(return_value=[
+        SearchResult(text="청크1", doc_id=f"{doc_id}_0", score=0.80,
+                     metadata={"doc_id": doc_id}),
+        SearchResult(text="청크2", doc_id=f"{doc_id}_1", score=0.75,
+                     metadata={"doc_id": doc_id}),
+    ])
+
+    db = AsyncMock()
+    db.execute = AsyncMock()
+    scalar = MagicMock()
+    scalar.scalar_one_or_none = MagicMock(return_value=doc)
+    db.execute.return_value = scalar
+
+    service = RAGSearchService(embedding, vectordb, db)
+    results = await service.search("t1", "질문")
+
+    # 같은 문서는 1개만
+    doc_ids = [r.doc.id for r in results]
+    assert len(doc_ids) == len(set(doc_ids))

backend/tests/test_ready.py

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import pytest
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, patch, MagicMock
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_ready_ok_when_all_services_up(client):
+    """DB/Redis mock 정상 → GET /ready → 200, ready=True."""
+    mock_redis = AsyncMock()
+    mock_redis.ping = AsyncMock(return_value=True)
+    mock_redis.aclose = AsyncMock()
+
+    with patch("app.routers.health.aioredis.from_url", return_value=mock_redis):
+        response = await client.get("/ready")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    data = response.json()
+    assert data["ready"] is True
+    assert data["checks"]["db"] == "ok"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_ready_503_when_db_down(client):
+    """DB mock 오류 → GET /ready → 503, ready=False."""
+    mock_redis = AsyncMock()
+    mock_redis.ping = AsyncMock(return_value=True)
+    mock_redis.aclose = AsyncMock()
+
+    # DB 연결 실패 시뮬레이션
+    mock_session = AsyncMock()
+    mock_session.__aenter__ = AsyncMock(return_value=mock_session)
+    mock_session.__aexit__ = AsyncMock(return_value=None)
+    mock_session.execute = AsyncMock(side_effect=Exception("DB connection failed"))
+
+    with patch("app.routers.health.aioredis.from_url", return_value=mock_redis), \
+         patch("app.routers.health.AsyncSessionLocal", return_value=mock_session):
+        response = await client.get("/ready")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 503
+    data = response.json()
+    assert data["ready"] is False

backend/tests/test_skill_api.py

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+"""
+POST /skill/{tenant_slug} — 카카오 스킬 API 테스트.
+"""
+import pytest
+
+
+def make_kakao_body(utterance: str, user_id: str = "kakao-user-1") -> dict:
+    return {
+        "userRequest": {
+            "utterance": utterance,
+            "user": {"id": user_id},
+        },
+        "action": {"params": {}},
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_skill_returns_kakao_format(client):
+    """스킬 응답이 카카오 포맷(version, template.outputs)을 포함한다."""
+    response = await client.post(
+        "/skill/test-tenant",
+        json=make_kakao_body("여권 발급 방법"),
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    data = response.json()
+    assert data["version"] == "2.0"
+    assert "template" in data
+    assert "outputs" in data["template"]
+    assert len(data["template"]["outputs"]) > 0
+    assert "simpleText" in data["template"]["outputs"][0]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_skill_tier_d_fallback_returns_200(client):
+    """FAQ 없어도 Tier D 응답으로 200 반환."""
+    response = await client.post(
+        "/skill/test-tenant",
+        json=make_kakao_body("이상한 질문"),
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    data = response.json()
+    text = data["template"]["outputs"][0]["simpleText"]["text"]
+    assert len(text) > 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_skill_utterance_text_in_response(client):
+    """응답 text 필드가 비어있지 않다."""
+    response = await client.post(
+        "/skill/dongducheon",
+        json=make_kakao_body("담당부서 알려주세요"),
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    text = response.json()["template"]["outputs"][0]["simpleText"]["text"]
+    assert isinstance(text, str)
+    assert len(text) > 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_skill_user_key_is_hashed(client):
+    """user_key는 원본 ID가 아닌 해시값(16자리)으로 처리된다 (응답에 노출 안 됨)."""
+    # 개인정보(원본 카카오 ID)가 응답 바디에 노출되지 않는지 확인
+    user_id = "real-kakao-id-12345"
+    response = await client.post(
+        "/skill/test-tenant",
+        json=make_kakao_body("질문", user_id=user_id),
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    response_text = response.text
+    assert user_id not in response_text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_skill_masked_pii_not_in_answer(client):
+    """개인정보가 포함된 발화도 정상 처리 (마스킹 후 라우팅)."""
+    response = await client.post(
+        "/skill/test-tenant",
+        json=make_kakao_body("전화번호 010-1234-5678로 연락해주세요"),
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    # 마스킹된 발화로 처리되므로 응답은 정상
+    data = response.json()
+    assert "version" in data

backend/tests/test_tier_a_routing.py

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+"""
+Tier A 라우팅 통합 테스트.
+"""
+import pytest
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock
+from uuid import uuid4
+
+from app.services.routing import ResponseRouter, RoutingResult
+from app.providers.base import SearchResult
+
+
+def make_router(embedding=None, vectordb=None) -> ResponseRouter:
+    providers = {}
+    if embedding:
+        providers["embedding"] = embedding
+    if vectordb:
+        providers["vectordb"] = vectordb
+    return ResponseRouter(
+        tenant_config={
+            "phone_number": "031-860-2000",
+            "fallback_dept": "민원과",
+            "tenant_name": "동두천시",
+        },
+        providers=providers,
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_tier_a_returns_when_faq_found():
+    """벡터DB에서 FAQ 매칭 → Tier A 반환."""
+    faq_id = str(uuid4())
+    faq = MagicMock()
+    faq.id = faq_id
+    faq.answer = "여권은 민원과에서 발급합니다."
+    faq.question = "여권 발급 방법"
+    faq.is_active = True
+    faq.hit_count = 0
+    faq.updated_at = None
+
+    embedding = AsyncMock()
+    embedding.embed = AsyncMock(return_value=[[0.1] * 768])
+
+    vectordb = AsyncMock()
+    vectordb.search = AsyncMock(return_value=[
+        SearchResult(text="여권 발급 방법\n여권은 민원과에서 발급합니다.",
+                     doc_id=f"{faq_id}_0", score=0.92, metadata={"faq_id": faq_id})
+    ])
+
+    db = AsyncMock()
+    db.execute = AsyncMock()
+    scalar = MagicMock()
+    scalar.scalar_one_or_none = MagicMock(return_value=faq)
+    db.execute.return_value = scalar
+    db.get = AsyncMock(return_value=faq)
+    db.commit = AsyncMock()
+
+    router = make_router(embedding=embedding, vectordb=vectordb)
+    result = await router.route("tenant-1", "여권 발급 방법", "user-1", db=db)
+
+    assert result.tier == "A"
+    assert result.source == "faq"
+    assert result.answer == faq.answer
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_tier_a_skipped_when_no_match():
+    """매칭 없으면 Tier D 반환."""
+    embedding = AsyncMock()
+    embedding.embed = AsyncMock(return_value=[[0.1] * 768])
+
+    vectordb = AsyncMock()
+    vectordb.search = AsyncMock(return_value=[])  # 빈 결과
+
+    db = AsyncMock()
+
+    router = make_router(embedding=embedding, vectordb=vectordb)
+    result = await router.route("tenant-1", "모르는 질문", "user-1", db=db)
+
+    assert result.tier == "D"
+    assert result.source == "fallback"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_routing_result_has_faq_id():
+    """Tier A 결과에 faq_id가 포함된다."""
+    faq_id = str(uuid4())
+    faq = MagicMock()
+    faq.id = faq_id
+    faq.answer = "답변"
+    faq.question = "질문"
+    faq.is_active = True
+    faq.hit_count = 0
+    faq.updated_at = None
+
+    embedding = AsyncMock()
+    embedding.embed = AsyncMock(return_value=[[0.1] * 768])
+
+    vectordb = AsyncMock()
+    vectordb.search = AsyncMock(return_value=[
+        SearchResult(text="Q\nA", doc_id=f"{faq_id}_0", score=0.90,
+                     metadata={"faq_id": faq_id})
+    ])
+
+    db = AsyncMock()
+    db.execute = AsyncMock()
+    scalar = MagicMock()
+    scalar.scalar_one_or_none = MagicMock(return_value=faq)
+    db.execute.return_value = scalar
+    db.get = AsyncMock(return_value=faq)
+    db.commit = AsyncMock()
+
+    router = make_router(embedding=embedding, vectordb=vectordb)
+    result = await router.route("tenant-1", "질문", "user-1", db=db)
+
+    assert result.faq_id == faq_id
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_routing_result_tier_d_has_fallback_info():
+    """Tier D 결과에 담당부서·전화번호가 포함된다."""
+    router = make_router()
+    result = await router.route("tenant-1", "알 수 없는 질문", "user-1", db=None)
+
+    assert result.tier == "D"
+    assert "031-860-2000" in result.answer
+    assert "민원과" in result.answer
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_timeout_returns_tier_d_is_timeout():
+    """타임아웃 발생 시 Tier D + is_timeout=True."""
+    import asyncio
+
+    async def slow_embed(texts):
+        await asyncio.sleep(10)  # 타임아웃보다 긴 대기
+        return [[0.0] * 768]
+
+    embedding = AsyncMock()
+    embedding.embed = AsyncMock(side_effect=slow_embed)
+
+    vectordb = AsyncMock()
+
+    # 타임아웃을 매우 짧게 설정
+    router = make_router(embedding=embedding, vectordb=vectordb)
+    router.TIMEOUT_MS = 50  # 50ms
+
+    db = AsyncMock()
+    result = await router.route("tenant-1", "질문", "user-1", db=db)
+
+    assert result.tier == "D"
+    assert result.is_timeout is True

backend/tests/test_tier_b_routing.py

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+"""
+Tier B RAG 라우팅 테스트.
+"""
+import pytest
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock
+from uuid import uuid4
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from app.services.routing import ResponseRouter
+from app.providers.base import SearchResult
+
+
+def make_router(embedding=None, vectordb=None) -> ResponseRouter:
+    providers = {}
+    if embedding:
+        providers["embedding"] = embedding
+    if vectordb:
+        providers["vectordb"] = vectordb
+    return ResponseRouter(
+        tenant_config={
+            "phone_number": "031-860-2000",
+            "fallback_dept": "민원과",
+            "tenant_name": "동두천시",
+        },
+        providers=providers,
+    )
+
+
+def make_doc(doc_id: str) -> MagicMock:
+    doc = MagicMock()
+    doc.id = doc_id
+    doc.filename = "안내문.txt"
+    doc.is_active = True
+    doc.published_at = datetime(2026, 3, 1)
+    return doc
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_tier_b_returns_when_doc_found():
+    """문서 RAG 매칭 → Tier B 반환."""
+    doc_id = str(uuid4())
+    doc = make_doc(doc_id)
+
+    embedding = AsyncMock()
+    embedding.embed = AsyncMock(return_value=[[0.1] * 768])
+
+    vectordb = AsyncMock()
+    vectordb.search = AsyncMock(return_value=[
+        SearchResult(text="여권은 민원과에서 발급합니다.", doc_id=f"{doc_id}_0",
+                     score=0.75, metadata={"doc_id": doc_id})
+    ])
+
+    db = AsyncMock()
+    db.execute = AsyncMock()
+    scalar = MagicMock()
+    scalar.scalar_one_or_none = MagicMock(return_value=doc)
+    db.execute.return_value = scalar
+
+    router = make_router(embedding=embedding, vectordb=vectordb)
+    result = await router.route("tenant-1", "여권 발급 방법", "user-1", db=db)
+
+    assert result.tier == "B"
+    assert result.source == "rag"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_tier_b_skipped_when_no_doc_match():
+    """문서 매칭 없으면 Tier D."""
+    embedding = AsyncMock()
+    embedding.embed = AsyncMock(return_value=[[0.1] * 768])
+
+    vectordb = AsyncMock()
+    vectordb.search = AsyncMock(return_value=[])
+
+    db = AsyncMock()
+
+    router = make_router(embedding=embedding, vectordb=vectordb)
+    result = await router.route("tenant-1", "모르는 질문", "user-1", db=db)
+
+    assert result.tier == "D"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_tier_b_result_has_doc_name():
+    """Tier B 결과에 doc_name 포함."""
+    doc_id = str(uuid4())
+    doc = make_doc(doc_id)
+
+    embedding = AsyncMock()
+    embedding.embed = AsyncMock(return_value=[[0.1] * 768])
+
+    vectordb = AsyncMock()
+    vectordb.search = AsyncMock(return_value=[
+        SearchResult(text="내용", doc_id=f"{doc_id}_0", score=0.72,
+                     metadata={"doc_id": doc_id})
+    ])
+
+    db = AsyncMock()
+    db.execute = AsyncMock()
+    scalar = MagicMock()
+    scalar.scalar_one_or_none = MagicMock(return_value=doc)
+    db.execute.return_value = scalar
+
+    router = make_router(embedding=embedding, vectordb=vectordb)
+    result = await router.route("tenant-1", "질문", "user-1", db=db)
+
+    assert result.doc_name is not None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_tier_a_takes_priority_over_tier_b():
+    """FAQ 유사도 ≥ 0.85 → Tier A (Tier B 미실행)."""
+    faq_id = str(uuid4())
+    faq = MagicMock()
+    faq.id = faq_id
+    faq.answer = "FAQ 답변"
+    faq.question = "질문"
+    faq.is_active = True
+    faq.hit_count = 0
+    faq.updated_at = None
+
+    embedding = AsyncMock()
+    embedding.embed = AsyncMock(return_value=[[0.1] * 768])
+
+    # FAQ 검색: 높은 유사도
+    vectordb = AsyncMock()
+    vectordb.search = AsyncMock(return_value=[
+        SearchResult(text="Q\nA", doc_id=f"{faq_id}_0", score=0.92,
+                     metadata={"faq_id": faq_id})
+    ])
+
+    db = AsyncMock()
+    db.execute = AsyncMock()
+    scalar = MagicMock()
+    scalar.scalar_one_or_none = MagicMock(return_value=faq)
+    db.execute.return_value = scalar
+    db.get = AsyncMock(return_value=faq)
+    db.commit = AsyncMock()
+
+    router = make_router(embedding=embedding, vectordb=vectordb)
+    result = await router.route("tenant-1", "질문", "user-1", db=db)
+
+    # FAQ가 먼저 매칭되면 Tier A
+    assert result.tier == "A"

backend/tests/test_tier_c_routing.py

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+"""
+Tier C — LLM 기반 재서술 라우팅 테스트.
+"""
+import pytest
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock
+from uuid import uuid4
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from app.services.routing import ResponseRouter
+from app.providers.llm import NullLLMProvider
+from app.providers.base import SearchResult
+
+
+def make_doc(doc_id: str) -> MagicMock:
+    doc = MagicMock()
+    doc.id = doc_id
+    doc.filename = "안내문.txt"
+    doc.is_active = True
+    doc.published_at = datetime(2026, 3, 1)
+    return doc
+
+
+def make_router(embedding=None, vectordb=None, llm=None) -> ResponseRouter:
+    providers = {}
+    if embedding:
+        providers["embedding"] = embedding
+    if vectordb:
+        providers["vectordb"] = vectordb
+    if llm:
+        providers["llm"] = llm
+    return ResponseRouter(
+        tenant_config={
+            "phone_number": "031-860-2000",
+            "fallback_dept": "민원과",
+            "tenant_name": "동두천시",
+        },
+        providers=providers,
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_tier_c_returns_llm_answer():
+    """LLM 활성화 + RAG 근거 있음 → Tier C 반환."""
+    doc_id = str(uuid4())
+    doc = make_doc(doc_id)
+
+    embedding = AsyncMock()
+    embedding.embed = AsyncMock(return_value=[[0.1] * 768])
+
+    vectordb = AsyncMock()
+    vectordb.search = AsyncMock(return_value=[
+        SearchResult(text="여권은 민원과에서 발급합니다.", doc_id=f"{doc_id}_0",
+                     score=0.75, metadata={"doc_id": doc_id})
+    ])
+
+    db = AsyncMock()
+    db.execute = AsyncMock()
+    scalar = MagicMock()
+    scalar.scalar_one_or_none = MagicMock(return_value=doc)
+    db.execute.return_value = scalar
+
+    llm = AsyncMock()
+    llm.generate = AsyncMock(return_value="여권 발급은 민원과(031-860-2000)에서 신청하시면 됩니다.")
+
+    router = make_router(embedding=embedding, vectordb=vectordb, llm=llm)
+    result = await router.route("tenant-1", "여권 어디서 받아요", "user-1", db=db)
+
+    assert result.tier == "C"
+    assert result.source == "llm"
+    assert "여권" in result.answer
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_tier_c_skipped_when_llm_is_null():
+    """NullLLMProvider → Tier C 스킵 → Tier B 또는 D."""
+    doc_id = str(uuid4())
+    doc = make_doc(doc_id)
+
+    embedding = AsyncMock()
+    embedding.embed = AsyncMock(return_value=[[0.1] * 768])
+
+    vectordb = AsyncMock()
+    vectordb.search = AsyncMock(return_value=[
+        SearchResult(text="내용", doc_id=f"{doc_id}_0", score=0.75,
+                     metadata={"doc_id": doc_id})
+    ])
+
+    db = AsyncMock()
+    db.execute = AsyncMock()
+    scalar = MagicMock()
+    scalar.scalar_one_or_none = MagicMock(return_value=doc)
+    db.execute.return_value = scalar
+
+    llm = NullLLMProvider()  # none 기본값
+
+    router = make_router(embedding=embedding, vectordb=vectordb, llm=llm)
+    result = await router.route("tenant-1", "질문", "user-1", db=db)
+
+    # NullLLM → Tier C 스킵 → Tier B (RAG 매칭 있으므로)
+    assert result.tier in ("B", "D")
+    assert result.tier != "C"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_tier_c_skipped_when_no_rag_context():
+    """RAG 근거 없음 → LLM 미호출 (할루시네이션 방지)."""
+    embedding = AsyncMock()
+    embedding.embed = AsyncMock(return_value=[[0.1] * 768])
+
+    vectordb = AsyncMock()
+    vectordb.search = AsyncMock(return_value=[])  # 근거 없음
+
+    db = AsyncMock()
+
+    llm = AsyncMock()
+    llm.generate = AsyncMock(return_value="LLM 답변")
+
+    router = make_router(embedding=embedding, vectordb=vectordb, llm=llm)
+    result = await router.route("tenant-1", "질문", "user-1", db=db)
+
+    # 근거 없으면 LLM 미호출 → Tier D
+    assert result.tier == "D"
+    llm.generate.assert_not_called()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_tier_c_falls_back_to_d_when_llm_fails():
+    """LLM 실패(None 반환) → Tier D 폴백."""
+    doc_id = str(uuid4())
+    doc = make_doc(doc_id)
+
+    embedding = AsyncMock()
+    embedding.embed = AsyncMock(return_value=[[0.1] * 768])
+
+    vectordb = AsyncMock()
+    vectordb.search = AsyncMock(return_value=[
+        SearchResult(text="내용", doc_id=f"{doc_id}_0", score=0.75,
+                     metadata={"doc_id": doc_id})
+    ])
+
+    db = AsyncMock()
+    db.execute = AsyncMock()
+    scalar = MagicMock()
+    scalar.scalar_one_or_none = MagicMock(return_value=doc)
+    db.execute.return_value = scalar
+
+    llm = AsyncMock()
+    llm.generate = AsyncMock(return_value=None)  # LLM 실패
+
+    router = make_router(embedding=embedding, vectordb=vectordb, llm=llm)
+    result = await router.route("tenant-1", "질문", "user-1", db=db)
+
+    # LLM None → Tier C 없음 → Tier B (RAG 있으므로)
+    assert result.tier in ("B", "D")
+    assert result.tier != "C"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_llm_not_called_without_context_chunks():
+    """AnthropicLLMProvider: context_chunks 비어있으면 None."""
+    from app.providers.llm_anthropic import AnthropicLLMProvider
+    provider = AnthropicLLMProvider(api_key="test-key")
+    result = await provider.generate("system", "user", context_chunks=[])
+    assert result is None